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- The Khuni, Huni or Chuni were a people of the North Caucasus during late antiquity. They have sometimes been referred to as the North Caucasian Huns and are often assumed to be related to the Huns who later entered Eastern Europe. However, the ethnolinguistic and geographical origins of the Khuni are unclear. The first contemporaneous reference to the Khuni may be by Dionysius Periegetes and Claudius Ptolemy's Geography, in the 2nd century CE, when they are said to be living near the Caspian Sea. According to Agathangelos, there were Huns living among the peoples of the Caucasus in 227 and that they were related to the Iranian Huns. In 535 or 537, an Armenian missionary team headed by the bishop Kardost baptized many of the North Caucasian Huns. The Syriac source reporting this event also indicates that a writing system for Hunnic was developed. Huns are said to have established a polity in Daghestan in the 6th century CE. This may have incorporated numerous indigenous Caucasian peoples. In 682 Bishop Israel of Caucasian Albania led an unsuccessful delegation to convert Alp Iluetuer, the ruler of the Caucasian Huns, to Christianity. It has been suggested that Iluetuer is a corruption of the Khazar title elteber ("client-ruler) and that this people was subordinate to Khazar rulers from the mid to late 7th century. They are frequently described as being allied with the Khazars in their various wars of the period, particularly against the Caliphate. Little is known about their fate after the early 8th century. It is likely that they became incorporated into the Khazar Khaganate. However, it is likely that they survived in some form or another for several centuries, possibly even until the 11th century. Some modern Kumyk authors consider Caucasian Huns to be their ancestors; they also refer to their early medieval polity as Djidan (for reasons unknown). (en)
- Царство гуннов (савир) в Дагестане — государство, существовавшее в V—X веках на территории Дагестана. Южным пределом Царства гуннов являлся Дербент. Столицей государства был город Варачан. Впоследствии царство попало в зависимость к Хазарскому каганату, но тем не менее не утратило остатки самостоятельности. Территория Царства гуннов (савир) была поглощена соседними государственными образованиями в X веке. (ru)
- 北高加索匈人，是匈人在达吉斯坦的分支。他们在可萨汗国建国前有自己的王国。他们可能是匈人与土著混血。 在535至537年，有亚美尼亚传教士到这里活动。有一些人受洗，叙利亚文件也提出此事。 682年，亚塞拜然地区主教以色列曾经想一匈人首领alp lluetuer受洗但不成功。他后来成为俟利发，这部落也向可萨人纳贡，与他们一起反倭马亚王朝。八世纪后他们成为可萨汗国一部分，十一世纪后不再有他们消息 。 (zh)
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- 3587 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- Царство гуннов (савир) в Дагестане — государство, существовавшее в V—X веках на территории Дагестана. Южным пределом Царства гуннов являлся Дербент. Столицей государства был город Варачан. Впоследствии царство попало в зависимость к Хазарскому каганату, но тем не менее не утратило остатки самостоятельности. Территория Царства гуннов (савир) была поглощена соседними государственными образованиями в X веке. (ru)
- 北高加索匈人，是匈人在达吉斯坦的分支。他们在可萨汗国建国前有自己的王国。他们可能是匈人与土著混血。 在535至537年，有亚美尼亚传教士到这里活动。有一些人受洗，叙利亚文件也提出此事。 682年，亚塞拜然地区主教以色列曾经想一匈人首领alp lluetuer受洗但不成功。他后来成为俟利发，这部落也向可萨人纳贡，与他们一起反倭马亚王朝。八世纪后他们成为可萨汗国一部分，十一世纪后不再有他们消息 。 (zh)
- The Khuni, Huni or Chuni were a people of the North Caucasus during late antiquity. They have sometimes been referred to as the North Caucasian Huns and are often assumed to be related to the Huns who later entered Eastern Europe. However, the ethnolinguistic and geographical origins of the Khuni are unclear. The first contemporaneous reference to the Khuni may be by Dionysius Periegetes and Claudius Ptolemy's Geography, in the 2nd century CE, when they are said to be living near the Caspian Sea. (en)
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- North Caucasian Huns (en)
- Царство гуннов в Дагестане (ru)
- 北高加索匈人 (zh)
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