About: Kanalkampf

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The Kanalkampf (Channel Fight) was the German term for air operations by the Luftwaffe against the British Royal Air Force (RAF) over the English Channel in July 1940. The air operations over the Channel began the Battle of Britain during the Second World War. By 25 June, the Allies had been defeated in Western Europe and Scandinavia. Britain rejected peace overtures and on 16 July, Adolf Hitler issued Directive 16 to the Wehrmacht (German armed forces), ordering preparations for an invasion of Britain, under the codename Unternehmen Seelöwe (Operation Sea Lion).

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  • The Kanalkampf (Channel Fight) was the German term for air operations by the Luftwaffe against the British Royal Air Force (RAF) over the English Channel in July 1940. The air operations over the Channel began the Battle of Britain during the Second World War. By 25 June, the Allies had been defeated in Western Europe and Scandinavia. Britain rejected peace overtures and on 16 July, Adolf Hitler issued Directive 16 to the Wehrmacht (German armed forces), ordering preparations for an invasion of Britain, under the codename Unternehmen Seelöwe (Operation Sea Lion). The Germans needed to achieve air superiority over southern England before the invasion and the role of the Luftwaffe was to destroy the RAF and protect the cross-channel invasion from the Royal Navy. To engage RAF Fighter Command, the Luftwaffe attacked convoys in the Channel. There is some dispute among historians about the dates for the beginning and end of the battle and British histories usually treat 10 July as the beginning. British and German writers and historians acknowledge that air battles were fought over the Channel between the Battle of France and Britain; systematic German attacks against British coastal targets and convoys began on 4 July. During the Kanalkampf, the Luftwaffe received modest support from shore artillery and the E-Boats of the Kriegsmarine (German navy). Fighter Command could not protect adequately the convoys; the Germans sank several British and neutral ships and shot down a considerable number of British fighters. The Royal Navy was forced to suspend the sailing of large convoys in Channel waters and close it to ocean-going vessels until more protection could be arranged, which took several weeks. On 1 August, Hitler issued Directive 17, extending Luftwaffe operations to the British mainland and RAF-related targets. On Adlertag (Eagle Day, 13 August) the main air offensive against the RAF began. The Kanalkampf had drawn out Fighter Command as intended and convoy attacks continued for several more days. Both sides had suffered losses but the Luftwaffe failed to inflict a decisive defeat on Fighter Command and the RAF; the Luftwaffe had yet to gain air superiority for Operation Sea Lion. The historian Williamson Murray (1983) regarded the Channel battles as inconclusive while Smith (2007) asserts that the battles could be described as a German victory of sorts. Stephen Bungay states that in early August the Channel "was German" by day but that fact did not threaten Fighter Command. Bungay argues that the Luftwaffe had to advance well beyond the Channel to win an aerial campaign and that Hugo Sperrle, the commander of Luftflotte 3, was already alarmed at high German losses. Albert Kesselring, the Luftflotte 2 commander, could ill-afford losses at the rate suffered in July 1940 either. (en)
  • Le Kanalkampf (« combat de la Manche ») est le terme allemand désignant les opérations aériennes de la Luftwaffe contre la Royal Air Force (RAF) britannique au-dessus de la Manche en juillet-août 1940. Les opérations aériennes au-dessus de cette étendue d'eau initient la bataille d'Angleterre pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le Royaume-Uni ayant rejeté les propositions de paix allemande, le Führer Adolf Hitler publie l'ordre n°16 de la Wehrmacht ordonnant de préparer l'opération d'invasion de la Grande-Bretagne sous le nom de code d'opération Seelöwe. Les Allemands nécessite la supériorité aérienne sur le sud de l'Angleterre avant l'invasion et la Luftwaffe doit donc détruire l'équivalent britannique pour prendre le commandement du ciel et protéger l'invasion transmanche. (fr)
dbo:causalties
  • 4 destroyers
  • Royal Navy:
  • RAF:
  • (including neutral ships)
  • 115fightersdestroyed
  • 19 pilots wounded in action
  • 35 merchant ships sunk
  • 4 pilotsmissing in action
  • 42 fighters damaged
  • 7 fishing vessels
  • 71 pilotskilled in action
  • at least 176 sailors killed
  • several naval vessels
  • ~300 casualties
dbo:combatant
  • Poland
  • Naval support:
  • *Foreign volunteers
dbo:commander
dbo:date
  • 1940-08-11 (xsd:date)
dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict
dbo:place
dbo:result
  • See [[#Analysis
dbo:thumbnail
dbo:wikiPageExternalLink
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  • 132346 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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  • 1068476542 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbp:1a
  • Murray (en)
dbp:1p
  • 48 (xsd:integer)
dbp:1y
  • 1983 (xsd:integer)
dbp:2a
  • Smith (en)
dbp:2pp
  • 98 (xsd:integer)
dbp:2y
  • 2007 (xsd:integer)
dbp:caption
  • 0001-07-14 (xsd:gMonthDay)
dbp:casualties
  • 1 (xsd:integer)
  • 4 (xsd:integer)
  • 7 (xsd:integer)
  • 13 (xsd:integer)
  • 16 (xsd:integer)
  • 19 (xsd:integer)
  • 22 (xsd:integer)
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  • 36 (xsd:integer)
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  • 115 (xsd:integer)
  • 201 (xsd:integer)
  • 277 (xsd:integer)
  • ''' (en)
  • ~4 (en)
  • Royal Navy: (en)
  • RAF: (en)
  • ''': (en)
  • at least 176 sailors killed (en)
  • several naval vessels (en)
  • ~300 casualties (en)
dbp:combatant
  • Poland (en)
  • * Foreign volunteers Naval support: (en)
dbp:commander
  • Hermann Göring (en)
  • Albert Kesselring (en)
  • Wolfram von Richthofen (en)
  • Alfred Saalwächter (en)
  • Hugo Sperrle (en)
  • Hugh Dowding (en)
  • Keith Park (en)
  • T. Leigh-Mallory (en)
dbp:conflict
  • (en)
dbp:date
  • 0001-07-04 (xsd:gMonthDay)
dbp:imageSize
  • 300 (xsd:integer)
dbp:partof
  • the Battle of Britain (en)
dbp:place
  • Southern England and the English Channel (en)
dbp:portal
  • Military of Germany (en)
  • United Kingdom (en)
  • World War II (en)
dbp:result
  • See [[#Analysis (en)
dbp:units
  • 2 (xsd:integer)
  • 11 (xsd:integer)
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  • 50.0 -2.0
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  • The Kanalkampf (Channel Fight) was the German term for air operations by the Luftwaffe against the British Royal Air Force (RAF) over the English Channel in July 1940. The air operations over the Channel began the Battle of Britain during the Second World War. By 25 June, the Allies had been defeated in Western Europe and Scandinavia. Britain rejected peace overtures and on 16 July, Adolf Hitler issued Directive 16 to the Wehrmacht (German armed forces), ordering preparations for an invasion of Britain, under the codename Unternehmen Seelöwe (Operation Sea Lion). (en)
  • Le Kanalkampf (« combat de la Manche ») est le terme allemand désignant les opérations aériennes de la Luftwaffe contre la Royal Air Force (RAF) britannique au-dessus de la Manche en juillet-août 1940. Les opérations aériennes au-dessus de cette étendue d'eau initient la bataille d'Angleterre pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le Royaume-Uni ayant rejeté les propositions de paix allemande, le Führer Adolf Hitler publie l'ordre n°16 de la Wehrmacht ordonnant de préparer l'opération d'invasion de la Grande-Bretagne sous le nom de code d'opération Seelöwe. (fr)
rdfs:label
  • Kanalkampf (en)
  • Kanalkampf (fr)
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is dbo:battle of
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