About: James Bowdoin

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James Bowdoin II (/ˈboʊdɪn/; August 7, 1726 – November 6, 1790) was an American political and intellectual leader from Boston, Massachusetts, during the American Revolution and the following decade. He initially gained fame and influence as a wealthy merchant. He served in both branches of the Massachusetts General Court from the 1750s to the 1770s. Although he was initially supportive of the royal governors, he opposed British colonial policy and eventually became an influential advocate of independence. He authored a highly political report on the 1770 Boston Massacre that has been described by historian Francis Walett as one of the most influential pieces of writing that shaped public opinion in the colonies.

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  • James Bowdoin (* 7. August 1726 in Boston; † 6. November 1790 ebenda) war von 1785 bis 1787 Gouverneur des Commonwealth of Massachusetts. (de)
  • James Bowdoin II (/ˈboʊdɪn/; August 7, 1726 – November 6, 1790) was an American political and intellectual leader from Boston, Massachusetts, during the American Revolution and the following decade. He initially gained fame and influence as a wealthy merchant. He served in both branches of the Massachusetts General Court from the 1750s to the 1770s. Although he was initially supportive of the royal governors, he opposed British colonial policy and eventually became an influential advocate of independence. He authored a highly political report on the 1770 Boston Massacre that has been described by historian Francis Walett as one of the most influential pieces of writing that shaped public opinion in the colonies. From 1775 to 1777 he served as president of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress' executive council, the de facto head of the Massachusetts government. He was elected president of the constitutional convention that drafted the state's constitution in 1779, and ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1780, losing to John Hancock. In 1785, following Hancock's resignation, he was elected governor. Due to the large debts of Massachusetts, incurred from the Revolutionary War, Bowdoin ran on a platform of fiscal responsibility. During his two years in office the combination of poor economic conditions and his harsh fiscal policy laid down by his government led to the uprising known as Shays' Rebellion. Bowdoin personally funded militia forces that were instrumental in putting down the uprising. His high-handed treatment of the rebels may have contributed to his loss of the 1787 election, in which the populist Hancock was returned to office. In addition to his political activities, Bowdoin was active in scientific pursuits, collaborating with Benjamin Franklin in his pioneering research on electricity. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London and was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1787. He was a founder and first president of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, to whom he bequeathed his library. Bowdoin College in Maine was named in his honor after a bequest by his son James III. (en)
  • James Bowdoin (7 août 1726 - 6 novembre 1790) était un chef politique et intellectuel américain de Boston, Massachusetts pendant la révolution américaine. Après l'indépendance, il était gouverneur du Massachusetts. (fr)
  • ジェイムズ・ボーディン2世（英語: James Bowdoin II、[ˈboʊdɪn]、1726年8月7日 - 1790年11月6日）は、アメリカ合衆国マサチューセッツ州ボストンの政治家であり、アメリカ独立戦争の時期における知的指導者だった。1750年代から1770年代（マサチューセッツ湾直轄植民地の時代）にマサチューセッツ議会両院の議員を務めた。当初はイギリス総督を支持していたが、イギリスの植民地政策に反対するようになり、最後は合衆国の独立を提唱する影響力ある人物となった。1770年に起きたボストン虐殺事件について高度に政治的な報告書を著しており、歴史家のフランシス・ウォレットは植民地の世論を形作った最上級に影響力を持った作品だと評価していた。 1775年から1777年までマサチューセッツ植民地会議の実行委員会議長を務め、事実上マサチューセッツ政府の長となった。1779年に州憲法を起草した憲法制定会議の議長に選ばれたが、1780年の知事選挙ではジョン・ハンコックに敗れた。1785年、ハンコックの知事辞任を受けて第2代州知事に選ばれた。知事在任中の2年間は経済状態が悪く、その政府が課した厳しい財政政策のために、シェイズの反乱と呼ばれる暴動が起きた。ボーディンは自ら資金を出して民兵隊を立ち上げ、暴動鎮圧に貢献した。しかし、反逆者に対して高飛車な態度で出たために1787年の知事選では落選することになり、大衆主義者のハンコックが知事に返り咲いた。 ボーディンはその政治活動に加えて、科学の面でも探求に熱心であり、ベンジャミン・フランクリンと協力して電気の研究を進めた。ロンドンの王立協会のフェローに選ばれ、アメリカ芸術科学アカデミーの創設者かつ初代会長になった。アカデミーにはその蔵書を遺贈することになった。メイン州のボーディン大学は、ボーディンの息子であるジェイムズ3世の遺贈により、名付けられた。 (ja)
  • James Bowdoin, född 7 augusti 1726 i Boston, Massachusetts Bay-provinsen, död 6 november 1790 i Boston, Massachusetts, var en amerikansk politiker. Han var Massachusetts guvernör 1785–1787. Bowdoin studerade vid Harvard och ärvde en stor förmögenhet efter sin far. Detta möjliggjorde att han kunde helt och hållet koncentrera sig på sin intellektuella utveckling. Under amerikanska revolutionen engagerade han sig mot det brittiska kolonialväldet och blev så småningom en av de främsta politiska ledarna i Massachusetts. Bowdoin tillträdde 1785 som guvernör och efterträddes 1787 av John Hancock. Inflationen var ett stort problem under Bowdoins ämbetsperiod som guvernör. Dessutom krossade han ett bondeuppror som kallades . De hårda tagen mot upprorsmakarna bidrog till valförlusten mot Hancock. Bowdoin, som var av fransk härkomst, avled 1790 och gravsattes i Boston. Bowdoin College har fått sitt namn efter honom. (sv)
  • James Bowdoin II (7 de agosto de 1726 – 6 de novembro de 1790) foi um político americano e 2º governador de Massachusetts. Ele atuou em ambas câmaras da Corte Geral de Massachusetts de 1750 a 1770. Foi um líder político e intelectual de Boston durante a Revolução Americana. Embora inicialmente apoiasse os governantes reais, ele se opôs a política colonial britânica e se tornou um influente defensor da independência. Foi autor de um elogioso relatório político sobre o Massacre de Boston de 1770 que foi descrito pelo historiador Francis Walett como uma das peças escritas mais influentes que deu forma para opinião pública nas colônias. De 1775 a 1777 ele serviu como Presidente do Conselho Executivo do Congresso Provincial de Massachusetts, o chefe de fato do governo de Massachusetts. Ele foi eleito presidente da convenção constitucional que elaborou a constituição do estado em 1779 e tencionou sem sucesso o cargo de governador em 1780, perdendo para John Hancock. Em 1785, após a renúncia de Hancock, foi eleito governador. Durante seus dois anos no governo em péssimas condições financeiras e a rígida política fiscal adotada pelo seu governo ocasionou a revolta conhecida como rebelião dos Shays (um levante armado). Bowdoin financiou pessoalmente as forças da milícia que foram fundamentais para sufocar a revolta. Seu tratamento arrogante com os rebeldes pode ter contribuído para a derrota da eleição de 1787, em que o populista Hancock foi retornada ao escritório. Além de suas atividades políticas, Bowdoin destacou-se em atividades científicas, colaborando com Benjamin Franklin, em sua pesquisa pioneira sobre a eletricidade. Ele foi eleito membro da Real Sociedade de Londres e foi um dos fundadores e primeiro presidente da Academia de Artes e Ciências dos Estados Unidos, a quem legou a sua biblioteca. Bowdoin College em Maine foi assim nomeado em sua homenagem após um legado de seu filho James III. (pt)
  • 詹姆斯·鲍登（英語：James Bowdoin，1726年—1790年），美国政治家，波士顿人。曾是殖民会议的议员和马萨诸塞州州宪法制定会议的成员，父亲是商人，1745年毕业于哈佛大学，1747年他父亲逝世后他继承了一大笔财产。1753年他被选入州殖民会议，1779年他主持州宪法制定工作。1785年，他成为马萨诸塞州州长，任内漠视农民，残酷镇压谢伊斯起义。1787年，州长选举中他负于约翰·汉考克。1788年鲍登参加了美国宪法在麻省的批准会议，支持宪法。1790年他在波士顿逝世。他除了参与政治，对自然历史的研究也有一定贡献，写过一些论文。缅因州的鮑登學院以他的名字命名。 (zh)
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  • Portrait by Robert Feke, 1748 (en)
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  • Elizabeth Erving (en)
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  • James Bowdoin (* 7. August 1726 in Boston; † 6. November 1790 ebenda) war von 1785 bis 1787 Gouverneur des Commonwealth of Massachusetts. (de)
  • James Bowdoin (7 août 1726 - 6 novembre 1790) était un chef politique et intellectuel américain de Boston, Massachusetts pendant la révolution américaine. Après l'indépendance, il était gouverneur du Massachusetts. (fr)
  • 詹姆斯·鲍登（英語：James Bowdoin，1726年—1790年），美国政治家，波士顿人。曾是殖民会议的议员和马萨诸塞州州宪法制定会议的成员，父亲是商人，1745年毕业于哈佛大学，1747年他父亲逝世后他继承了一大笔财产。1753年他被选入州殖民会议，1779年他主持州宪法制定工作。1785年，他成为马萨诸塞州州长，任内漠视农民，残酷镇压谢伊斯起义。1787年，州长选举中他负于约翰·汉考克。1788年鲍登参加了美国宪法在麻省的批准会议，支持宪法。1790年他在波士顿逝世。他除了参与政治，对自然历史的研究也有一定贡献，写过一些论文。缅因州的鮑登學院以他的名字命名。 (zh)
  • James Bowdoin II (/ˈboʊdɪn/; August 7, 1726 – November 6, 1790) was an American political and intellectual leader from Boston, Massachusetts, during the American Revolution and the following decade. He initially gained fame and influence as a wealthy merchant. He served in both branches of the Massachusetts General Court from the 1750s to the 1770s. Although he was initially supportive of the royal governors, he opposed British colonial policy and eventually became an influential advocate of independence. He authored a highly political report on the 1770 Boston Massacre that has been described by historian Francis Walett as one of the most influential pieces of writing that shaped public opinion in the colonies. (en)
  • ジェイムズ・ボーディン2世（英語: James Bowdoin II、[ˈboʊdɪn]、1726年8月7日 - 1790年11月6日）は、アメリカ合衆国マサチューセッツ州ボストンの政治家であり、アメリカ独立戦争の時期における知的指導者だった。1750年代から1770年代（マサチューセッツ湾直轄植民地の時代）にマサチューセッツ議会両院の議員を務めた。当初はイギリス総督を支持していたが、イギリスの植民地政策に反対するようになり、最後は合衆国の独立を提唱する影響力ある人物となった。1770年に起きたボストン虐殺事件について高度に政治的な報告書を著しており、歴史家のフランシス・ウォレットは植民地の世論を形作った最上級に影響力を持った作品だと評価していた。 ボーディンはその政治活動に加えて、科学の面でも探求に熱心であり、ベンジャミン・フランクリンと協力して電気の研究を進めた。ロンドンの王立協会のフェローに選ばれ、アメリカ芸術科学アカデミーの創設者かつ初代会長になった。アカデミーにはその蔵書を遺贈することになった。メイン州のボーディン大学は、ボーディンの息子であるジェイムズ3世の遺贈により、名付けられた。 (ja)
  • James Bowdoin II (7 de agosto de 1726 – 6 de novembro de 1790) foi um político americano e 2º governador de Massachusetts. Ele atuou em ambas câmaras da Corte Geral de Massachusetts de 1750 a 1770. Foi um líder político e intelectual de Boston durante a Revolução Americana. Embora inicialmente apoiasse os governantes reais, ele se opôs a política colonial britânica e se tornou um influente defensor da independência. Foi autor de um elogioso relatório político sobre o Massacre de Boston de 1770 que foi descrito pelo historiador Francis Walett como uma das peças escritas mais influentes que deu forma para opinião pública nas colônias. (pt)
  • James Bowdoin, född 7 augusti 1726 i Boston, Massachusetts Bay-provinsen, död 6 november 1790 i Boston, Massachusetts, var en amerikansk politiker. Han var Massachusetts guvernör 1785–1787. Bowdoin studerade vid Harvard och ärvde en stor förmögenhet efter sin far. Detta möjliggjorde att han kunde helt och hållet koncentrera sig på sin intellektuella utveckling. Under amerikanska revolutionen engagerade han sig mot det brittiska kolonialväldet och blev så småningom en av de främsta politiska ledarna i Massachusetts. (sv)
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  • James Bowdoin (de)
  • James Bowdoin (en)
  • James Bowdoin (fr)
  • ジェイムズ・ボーディン (ja)
  • James Bowdoin (pt)
  • James Bowdoin (sv)
  • 詹姆斯·鲍登 (zh)
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