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- The International Prototype of the Kilogram (referred to by metrologists as the IPK or Le Grand K; sometimes called the ur-kilogram, or urkilogram, particularly by German-language authors writing in English:30) is an object that was used to define the magnitude of the mass of the kilogram from 1889, when it replaced the Kilogramme des Archives, until 2019, when it was replaced by a new definition of the kilogram based on physical constants. During that time, the IPK and its duplicates were used to calibrate all other kilogram mass standards on Earth. The IPK is a roughly golfball-sized object made of a platinum alloy known as "Pt‑10Ir", which is 90% platinum and 10% iridium (by mass) and is machined into a right-circular cylinder with height equal to its diameter of about 39 millimetres to reduce its surface area. The addition of 10% iridium improved upon the all-platinum Kilogramme des Archives by greatly increasing hardness while still retaining platinum's many virtues: extreme resistance to oxidation, extremely high density (almost twice as dense as lead and more than 21 times as dense as water), satisfactory electrical and thermal conductivities, and low magnetic susceptibility. By 2018, the IPK underpinned the definitions of 4 of the 7 SI base units: the kilogram itself, plus the mole, ampere, and candela (whose definitions at the time referenced the gram, newton, and watt respectively) as well as the definitions of every named SI derived unit except the hertz, becquerel, degree Celsius, gray, sievert, farad, ohm, siemens, henry and the dimensionless radian and steradian. The IPK and its six sister copies are stored at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (known by its French-language initials BIPM) in an environmentally monitored safe in the lower vault located in the basement of the BIPM's Pavillon de Breteuil in Saint-Cloud on the outskirts of Paris (see , below, for photographs). Three independently controlled keys are required to open the vault. Official copies of the IPK were made available to other nations to serve as their national standards. These were compared to the IPK roughly every 40 years, thereby providing traceability of local measurements back to the IPK. (en)
- 국제 킬로그램 원기(國際kilogram原器, 영어: International Prototype of the Kilogram, 프랑스어: Prototype international du kilogramme)는 미터 협약에서 질량의 단위인 킬로그램을 정의하기 위해 만든 원통 모양의 분동이다. 백금 90%와 이리듐 10%의 합금(질량 기준)으로 만들어져 있다. 지름과 높이는 39.17 밀리미터이다. 킬로그램 원기 원본과 6개의 복사본은 국제 도량형국에 보관되어 있으며, 공식 복제본이 여러 나라의 표준 연구소에 있다. 대한민국의 한국표준과학연구원에는 39번, 72번, 84번 원기가 있으며, 72번 원기가 국가 표준으로 사용되고 있다. (ko)
- Arkivkilogrammet är den internationella kilogramprototypen som fram till den 20 maj 2019 var likare för massa i SI. Den internationella grundenheten för massa är ett kilogram, vilket fram till den 20 maj 2019 definierades som massan hos den internationella kilogramprototypen i Frankrike. De nationella prototypernas massa bestämdes genom kalibrering mot den internationella prototypen. Det svenska kilogramprototypen, Rikskilogrammet‚ förvaras av Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut i Borås. Arkivkilogrammet förvaras, tillsammans med dess sex officiella systerkopior, hos Bureau International des poids et mesures (BIPM) i Sèvres utanför Paris. Arkivkilogrammet är gjort av en legering av 90 % platina och 10 % iridium, en blandning som ska minimera risken för att massan förändras på grund av oxidation eller slitage. Höjd och diameter är 39mm, med lätt avrundade kanter. Den tillverkades 1879 i juvelerardistriktet Hatton Garden i London. Prototypen förvaras under tre glaskupor i ett kassavalv under sträng bevakning, både säkerhetsmässigt och miljömässigt. Tre separat förvarade nycklar behövs för att valvet ska kunna öppnas. BIPM har från 1889 och framåt tillverkat över 80 kopior att användas som nationella prototyper. (sv)
- 國際公斤原器（International Prototype of the Kilogram，簡稱IPK）曾经是世界质量单位「千克」的標準砝碼。2018年11月16日通过了新版国际单位制之後，原器已不再使用。目前存放於法國巴黎國際度量衡局中。 國際公斤原器以鉑銥合金鑄造，因為鉑銥合金有膨脹率低、不易氧化等特點。 (zh)
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- 국제 킬로그램 원기(國際kilogram原器, 영어: International Prototype of the Kilogram, 프랑스어: Prototype international du kilogramme)는 미터 협약에서 질량의 단위인 킬로그램을 정의하기 위해 만든 원통 모양의 분동이다. 백금 90%와 이리듐 10%의 합금(질량 기준)으로 만들어져 있다. 지름과 높이는 39.17 밀리미터이다. 킬로그램 원기 원본과 6개의 복사본은 국제 도량형국에 보관되어 있으며, 공식 복제본이 여러 나라의 표준 연구소에 있다. 대한민국의 한국표준과학연구원에는 39번, 72번, 84번 원기가 있으며, 72번 원기가 국가 표준으로 사용되고 있다. (ko)
- 國際公斤原器（International Prototype of the Kilogram，簡稱IPK）曾经是世界质量单位「千克」的標準砝碼。2018年11月16日通过了新版国际单位制之後，原器已不再使用。目前存放於法國巴黎國際度量衡局中。 國際公斤原器以鉑銥合金鑄造，因為鉑銥合金有膨脹率低、不易氧化等特點。 (zh)
- The International Prototype of the Kilogram (referred to by metrologists as the IPK or Le Grand K; sometimes called the ur-kilogram, or urkilogram, particularly by German-language authors writing in English:30) is an object that was used to define the magnitude of the mass of the kilogram from 1889, when it replaced the Kilogramme des Archives, until 2019, when it was replaced by a new definition of the kilogram based on physical constants. During that time, the IPK and its duplicates were used to calibrate all other kilogram mass standards on Earth. (en)
- Arkivkilogrammet är den internationella kilogramprototypen som fram till den 20 maj 2019 var likare för massa i SI. Den internationella grundenheten för massa är ett kilogram, vilket fram till den 20 maj 2019 definierades som massan hos den internationella kilogramprototypen i Frankrike. De nationella prototypernas massa bestämdes genom kalibrering mot den internationella prototypen. Det svenska kilogramprototypen, Rikskilogrammet‚ förvaras av Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut i Borås. BIPM har från 1889 och framåt tillverkat över 80 kopior att användas som nationella prototyper. (sv)
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