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Identification refers to the automatic, subconscious psychological process in which an individual becomes like or closely associates themselves with another person by adopting one or more of the others' perceived personality traits, physical attributes, or some other aspect of their identity. The concept of identification was founded by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud in the 1920’s, and has since been expanded on and applied in psychology, social studies, media studies, and literary and film criticism. In literature, identification most often refers to the audience identifying with a fictional character, however it can also be employed as a narrative device whereby one character identifies with another character within the text itself.

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  • Identification refers to the automatic, subconscious psychological process in which an individual becomes like or closely associates themselves with another person by adopting one or more of the others' perceived personality traits, physical attributes, or some other aspect of their identity. The concept of identification was founded by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud in the 1920’s, and has since been expanded on and applied in psychology, social studies, media studies, and literary and film criticism. In literature, identification most often refers to the audience identifying with a fictional character, however it can also be employed as a narrative device whereby one character identifies with another character within the text itself. Varying interpretations of Freud's original concept of identification are found in literary and film theory traditions, such as psychoanalytic literary criticism, archetypal literary criticism, and Lacanian film analysis, and in the works of prominent theorists and critics such as Northrop Frye, Laura Mulvey, and Christian Metz. Acclaimed filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock used specific camera and acting techniques in his films to incite audience identification with his characters in order to create suspense. (en)
  • L'identification est un terme utilisé dans les études littéraires et cinématographiques pour décrire une relation psychologique entre le lecteur d'un roman et un personnage du livre, ou entre un spectateur dans le public et un personnage à l'écran. Dans les deux cas, lecteurs et spectateurs se voient dans le personnage de fiction. L’identification est généralement supposée être en grande partie inconsciente: un lecteur peut être conscient du fait qu’il aime un personnage donné, mais pas qu’il considère en réalité ce personnage comme un alter ego, une version d’elle ou une projection de ses aspirations. Ce serait une erreur de penser que tous les héros favorisent l’identification, ou que tous les méchants empêchent l’identification - beaucoup, voire la plupart des personnages, suscitent un certain degré d’identification de la part du lecteur ou du spectateur. Au cinéma, Alfred Hitchcock a exploité les traits de l'identification informelle avec des moments spécifiques, même lorsque le personnage était vilain. Dans Psycho (1960), Hitchcock a expliqué que, alors que le personnage Norman Bates (Anthony Perkins) disposait de la voiture contenant le corps de Marion Crane dans un marais, il a dû faire immobiliser la voiture. « Quand Perkins regarde la voiture couler dans l’étang... le public se dit : “J'espère que ça descendra !” C'est un instinct naturel ». (fr)
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  • Identification refers to the automatic, subconscious psychological process in which an individual becomes like or closely associates themselves with another person by adopting one or more of the others' perceived personality traits, physical attributes, or some other aspect of their identity. The concept of identification was founded by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud in the 1920’s, and has since been expanded on and applied in psychology, social studies, media studies, and literary and film criticism. In literature, identification most often refers to the audience identifying with a fictional character, however it can also be employed as a narrative device whereby one character identifies with another character within the text itself. (en)
  • L'identification est un terme utilisé dans les études littéraires et cinématographiques pour décrire une relation psychologique entre le lecteur d'un roman et un personnage du livre, ou entre un spectateur dans le public et un personnage à l'écran. Dans les deux cas, lecteurs et spectateurs se voient dans le personnage de fiction. (fr)
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  • Identification (littérature) (fr)
  • Identification (literature) (en)
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