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Throughout the early age of exploration, it became increasingly clear that the residents of the Iberian Peninsula were experts at navigation, sailing, and expansion. From Henry the Navigator's first adventures down the African coast to Columbus's fabled expedition resulting in the discovery of the new world, the figures that catalyzed the European appetite for expansion and imperialism heralded from either Spain or Portugal. However, merely a century earlier, nautical travel for most peoples was resigned to keeping within sight of a coastline and very rarely did ships venture out into deeper waters. The period's ships were not able to handle the forces of open ocean travel and the crewmen had neither the ability nor the necessary materials to keep themselves from getting lost. A sailor's a

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  • Throughout the early age of exploration, it became increasingly clear that the residents of the Iberian Peninsula were experts at navigation, sailing, and expansion. From Henry the Navigator's first adventures down the African coast to Columbus's fabled expedition resulting in the discovery of the new world, the figures that catalyzed the European appetite for expansion and imperialism heralded from either Spain or Portugal. However, merely a century earlier, nautical travel for most peoples was resigned to keeping within sight of a coastline and very rarely did ships venture out into deeper waters. The period's ships were not able to handle the forces of open ocean travel and the crewmen had neither the ability nor the necessary materials to keep themselves from getting lost. A sailor's ability to travel was dictated by the technology available, and it was not until the late 15th century that the development of the nautical sciences on the Iberian Peninsula allowed for the genesis of long-distance shipping by directly effecting, and leading to the creation of, new tools and techniques relative to navigation.Christopher Columbus’s famous expedition, which crossed the ocean in 1492, was arguably the first contact the civilized world had with the newly discovered continent. Financed and sponsored by Queen Isabella of Spain, his journey would open the door to new trading lanes, imperialist appetites, and the meeting of cultures. Portugal and Spain became the world's foremost leaders in deep water navigation and discovery because of their sailing expertise and the advancement of nautical sciences benefiting their ability to sail further, faster, more accurately, and safer than other states. Vast amounts of precious minerals and lucrative slaves were poured into Iberian treasuries between the late 15th and mid to late 17th centuries because of Spanish and Portuguese domination of Atlantic trade routes. The golden age of Spain was a direct result of the advancements made in navigation technology and the sciences which allowed for deep water sailing. To the population of Europe, trans-oceanic navigation was an almost inconceivably huge idea, yet the world would never be the same because a man with the simplest of tools managed to plot his way across the second largest body of water on the planet. Without those rudimentary yet extremely critical instruments, the ambitions of Columbus, along with his sponsoring state, would have been crushed. The development of nautical sciences, including the augmentation of pre-existing techniques and tools, on the Iberian Peninsula generated new technology and had a direct, visible, and lasting effect on long range ship board navigation. (en)
  • La scienza nautica iberica, nel XV secolo, fu il propulsore della c.d. "Età delle scoperte": dalle prime avventure portoghesi promosse da Enrico il Navigatore lungo la costa africana alla leggendaria spedizione di Cristoforo Colombo nel Nuovo Mondo, i successi ed i guadagni che catalizzarono l'appetito europeo per l'espansione e l'imperialismo furono unilaterale risultato dei regni iberici di Portogallo e Spagna. Risultati ancor più eclatanti se si ricorda che, solo un secolo prima, i viaggi nautici erano relegati alla navigazione "sotto costa" con navi che raramente affrontavano il mare aperto sia per inadeguatezza strutturale del mezzo sia tecnica dell'equipaggio. Solo alla fine del Quattrocento lo sviluppo delle scienze nautiche iberiche permise la genesi della navigazione a lunga distanza creando o promuovendo la creazione di nuovi strumenti e tecniche di navigazione. Finanziato e sponsorizzato dalla regina Isabella di Spagna, il Primo viaggio di Cristoforo Colombo (1492) aprì le porte a nuove rotte commerciali, appetiti imperialisti e all'incontro di culture, presto emulato dal Primo viaggio di Vasco da Gama in India, circumnavigando l'Africa (1497), finanziato da re Giovanni del Portogallo. Portogallo e Spagna divennero i leader mondiali nella navigazione e nella scoperta di rotte d'alto mare grazie alla loro esperienza nella navigazione e al progresso delle loro scienze nautiche che permisero loro di superare i paesi concorrenti. Grandi quantità di minerali preziosi e schiavi furono versati nei tesori iberici tra la fine del XV e la fine del XVII secolo grazie al loro dominio sulle rotte commerciali atlantiche. L'età d'oro della Spagna fu il risultato diretto dei progressi compiuti nella tecnologia di navigazione e nelle scienze che consentirono la navigazione in acque profonde. Per la popolazione europea del Tardo Medioevo, la navigazione transoceanica era un'idea quasi inconcepibilmente. Il risultato nautico degli iberici fu epocale: un uomo, con gli strumenti più semplici, era riuscito a farsi strada attraverso il secondo specchio d'acqua più grande del pianeta. Senza quegli strumenti rudimentali ma estremamente critici, le ambizioni di Colombo, Gama e degli altri esploratori (e dei loro sponsor) sarebbero state schiacciate. Lo sviluppo delle scienze nautiche, anche inteso come sviluppo di tecniche e strumenti preesistenti, nella penisola iberica generò nuove tecnologie e ha avuto un effetto diretto, visibile e duraturo sulla navigazione a bordo delle navi a lungo raggio. (it)
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  • Duke of Viseu (en)
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  • 20599 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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  • 1394-03-04 (xsd:date)
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  • Portuguese infante and patron of the Portuguese exploration (en)
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  • 1460-11-13 (xsd:date)
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  • Duke of Viseu (en)
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  • Throughout the early age of exploration, it became increasingly clear that the residents of the Iberian Peninsula were experts at navigation, sailing, and expansion. From Henry the Navigator's first adventures down the African coast to Columbus's fabled expedition resulting in the discovery of the new world, the figures that catalyzed the European appetite for expansion and imperialism heralded from either Spain or Portugal. However, merely a century earlier, nautical travel for most peoples was resigned to keeping within sight of a coastline and very rarely did ships venture out into deeper waters. The period's ships were not able to handle the forces of open ocean travel and the crewmen had neither the ability nor the necessary materials to keep themselves from getting lost. A sailor's a (en)
  • La scienza nautica iberica, nel XV secolo, fu il propulsore della c.d. "Età delle scoperte": dalle prime avventure portoghesi promosse da Enrico il Navigatore lungo la costa africana alla leggendaria spedizione di Cristoforo Colombo nel Nuovo Mondo, i successi ed i guadagni che catalizzarono l'appetito europeo per l'espansione e l'imperialismo furono unilaterale risultato dei regni iberici di Portogallo e Spagna. Risultati ancor più eclatanti se si ricorda che, solo un secolo prima, i viaggi nautici erano relegati alla navigazione "sotto costa" con navi che raramente affrontavano il mare aperto sia per inadeguatezza strutturale del mezzo sia tecnica dell'equipaggio. Solo alla fine del Quattrocento lo sviluppo delle scienze nautiche iberiche permise la genesi della navigazione a lunga dista (it)
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  • Iberian nautical sciences, 1400–1600 (en)
  • Scienza nautica iberica (1400–1600) (it)
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