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"Hymn to the Fallen" (Jiu Ge) (traditional Chinese: 國殤; simplified Chinese: 国殇; pinyin: Guó shāng; lit. 'National casualties') is a Classical Chinese poem which has been preserved in the Nine Songs (Jiu Ge) section of the ancient Chinese poetry anthology, the Chu ci, or The Songs of Chu, which is an ancient set of poems. Together, these poems constitute one of the 17 sections of the poetry anthology which was published under the title of the Chuci (also known as the Songs of Chu or as the Songs of the South). Despite the "Nine" in the title (Jiu ge literally means Nine Songs), the number of these poetic pieces actually consists of eleven separate songs, or elegies. This set of verses seems to represent some shamanistic dramatic practices of the Yangzi River valley area (as well as a northe

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  • "Hymn to the Fallen" (Jiu Ge) (traditional Chinese: 國殤; simplified Chinese: 国殇; pinyin: Guó shāng; lit. 'National casualties') is a Classical Chinese poem which has been preserved in the Nine Songs (Jiu Ge) section of the ancient Chinese poetry anthology, the Chu ci, or The Songs of Chu, which is an ancient set of poems. Together, these poems constitute one of the 17 sections of the poetry anthology which was published under the title of the Chuci (also known as the Songs of Chu or as the Songs of the South). Despite the "Nine" in the title (Jiu ge literally means Nine Songs), the number of these poetic pieces actually consists of eleven separate songs, or elegies. This set of verses seems to represent some shamanistic dramatic practices of the Yangzi River valley area (as well as a northern tradition or traditions) involving the invocation of divine beings and seeking their blessings by means of a process of courtship. The poetry consists of lyrics written for performance as part of a religious drama, however the lack of stage directions or indications of who is supposed to be singing at any one time or whether some of the lines represent lines for a chorus makes an accurate reconstruction of how such a shamanic drama would actually have been performed quite uncertain; although, there are internal textual clues, for example indicating the use of spectacular costumes for the performers, and an extensive orchestra. Although not precisely dated, "Hymn to the Fallen" dates from the end of the late the Warring States period, ended 221 BCE, with possible revisions in the Han dynasty, particularly during the reign of Han Wudi, during 141 to 87 BCE . The poem has been translated into English by David Hawkes as "Hymn to the Fallen". "Guo shang" is a hymn to soldiers killed in war. Guó (國) means the "state", "kingdom", or "nation". Shāng (殤) means to "die young". Put together, the title refers to those who meet death in the course of fighting for their country. David Hawkes describes it as "surely one of the most beautiful laments for fallen soldiers in any language". (en)
  • 《國殤》選自《楚辭·九歌》之中,相傳是楚國屈原所作,追悼為國犧牲的將士,內容描寫戰爭場面的慘烈,戰士的勇敢殺敵及悲壯成仁。 王逸《章句》註稱「國殤」“謂死於國事者”,但究竟是祭拜楚軍或敵軍(吳、秦軍)的戰亡士兵,則一直為專家所質疑。“吳戈”是指吳國出產的兵器或指長戈至今仍有異議。中華民國教育部重編國語辭典修訂本將「國殤」一詞釋義為「為國犧牲生命的人」。 (zh)
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  • National casualties (en)
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  • (en)
  • Guó shāng (en)
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  • 国殇 (en)
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  • 國殤 (en)
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  • 《國殤》選自《楚辭·九歌》之中,相傳是楚國屈原所作,追悼為國犧牲的將士,內容描寫戰爭場面的慘烈,戰士的勇敢殺敵及悲壯成仁。 王逸《章句》註稱「國殤」“謂死於國事者”,但究竟是祭拜楚軍或敵軍(吳、秦軍)的戰亡士兵,則一直為專家所質疑。“吳戈”是指吳國出產的兵器或指長戈至今仍有異議。中華民國教育部重編國語辭典修訂本將「國殤」一詞釋義為「為國犧牲生命的人」。 (zh)
  • "Hymn to the Fallen" (Jiu Ge) (traditional Chinese: 國殤; simplified Chinese: 国殇; pinyin: Guó shāng; lit. 'National casualties') is a Classical Chinese poem which has been preserved in the Nine Songs (Jiu Ge) section of the ancient Chinese poetry anthology, the Chu ci, or The Songs of Chu, which is an ancient set of poems. Together, these poems constitute one of the 17 sections of the poetry anthology which was published under the title of the Chuci (also known as the Songs of Chu or as the Songs of the South). Despite the "Nine" in the title (Jiu ge literally means Nine Songs), the number of these poetic pieces actually consists of eleven separate songs, or elegies. This set of verses seems to represent some shamanistic dramatic practices of the Yangzi River valley area (as well as a northe (en)
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  • Hymn to the Fallen (Jiu Ge) (en)
  • 国殇 (zh)
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