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Hougoumont was the last convict ship to transport convicts to Australia. A three-masted full-rigged ship of the type commonly known as a Blackwall Frigate, Hougoumont was constructed at Moulmein, Burma in 1852. The ship's original owner was Duncan Dunbar, a highly successful ship owner who entered the convict transport trade in the 1840s, providing nearly a third of the ships that transported convicts to Western Australia. The nineteenth century author W. Clark Russell claimed to have served on the Hougoumont for three years.

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  • Die Hougoumont war ein Segelschiff mit drei Masten, eine sogenannte Blackwall-Fregatte. Dieses Schiff führte den letzten Transport von Sträflingen in die Sträflingskolonie Australien durch. Das Schiff legte am 12. Oktober 1867 in London in England ab. Nach 89 Tagen auf See kam sie am 9. Januar 1868 mit 279 Sträflingen und 108 Passagieren in Fremantle in Western Australia an. Gebaut wurde die Hougoumont im Jahr 1852 in Moulmein, im damaligen Burma. Der Schiffsname geht auf das zurück, ein militärstrategisch bedeutsamer Ort im Verlauf der Schlacht bei Waterloo. Das Schiff gehörte zum Zeitpunkt des Transports dem schottischen Reeder Duncan Dunbar, der in der Zeit von 1840 bis 1868 etwa ein Drittel aller Sträflingstransporte nach Australien durchführte. Insgesamt wurden 37 Sträflingstransporte nach Western Australia durchgeführt. Auf dem letzten Sträflingstransport nach Australien starb ein Sträfling auf See. Während es in der Frühzeit der Sträflingstransporte zu hohen Sterberaten gegeben hatte, wie beispielsweise auf den Schiffen der Second Fleet, war die Sterblichkeit auf diesem Schiff nicht unterschiedlich zu den sonstigen Schiffsreisen jener Zeit. Unter den 280 Sträflingen befanden sich insgesamt 62 Iren, darunter 17 Militärpersonen. Sie waren politische Gefangene. Diese Iren, sogenannte Fenians, waren erklärte Gegner der englischen Herrschaft über Irland. Sie waren wegen der am 5. März 1867 stattgefundenen zu Strafen abgeurteilt worden, die sie außerhalb von England als Sträflinge zu verbüßen hatten. Die Fenians hatten im Verlauf ihrer Rebellion die Fenian Proklamation publiziert, die in verschiedenen Quellen als historisch erste Irische Republik bewertet wird. Es war in der damaligen Zeit überaus unüblich politische Gefangene auf englischen Schiffen zu transportieren, was zu öffentlicher Besorgnis im australischen Fremantle führte. Da unter den Fenians zahlreiche gebildete Personen waren, sind über diese Schiffsreise mehrere Tagebücher und Schriften publiziert worden. Veröffentlicht wurden Schriften von , , und . Bekannt geworden ist die Niederschrift The Wild Geese, die die Schiffsreise als Freiheitssuche der Iren außerhalb der englischen Herrschaft beschreibt. Von dieser Niederschrift wurden lediglich sieben handschriftliche Exemplare hergestellt. Die inhaltliche Thematik dieser Handschriften lehnt sich an die sogenannten Wild Geese an. Die als Wildgänse bezeichneten irischen Soldaten emigrierten nach 1691 von Irland nach Frankreich. Dort schlossen sie sich europäischen Armeen an und stiegen teilweise zu hochrangigen Militärs auf. Die Niederschrift enthält Schriften über die Erlebnisse, Verhaltensregeln, Gedichte und sogar eine Komödie. Ein Exemplar The Wild Goose befindet sich in der . Mit diesem Schiff endete eine Ära des englischen Kolonialismus mit Sträflingen Kolonien aufzubauen. Seit 1787 waren etwa 165.000 Sträflinge nach Australien transportiert wurden. Darunter waren 10.000 Sträflinge, die nach Western Australia kamen. Weiblichen Geschlechts waren etwa ein Fünftel aller Sträflinge. Man geht inzwischen davon aus, dass ungefähr eine Million Bürger in England und zwei Millionen Bürger Australiens Nachkommen von Sträflingen sind. (de)
  • Hougoumont was the last convict ship to transport convicts to Australia. A three-masted full-rigged ship of the type commonly known as a Blackwall Frigate, Hougoumont was constructed at Moulmein, Burma in 1852. The ship's original owner was Duncan Dunbar, a highly successful ship owner who entered the convict transport trade in the 1840s, providing nearly a third of the ships that transported convicts to Western Australia. The nineteenth century author W. Clark Russell claimed to have served on the Hougoumont for three years. Hougoumont was chartered by the French as a troop carrier during the Crimean War, during which time it was renamed Baraguey d'Hilliers after the French general Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers, as its original name was connected with the Battle of Waterloo and would have been offensive to the French. After the Crimean War ended in 1856, it was renamed Hougoumont. In the 1860s, the Emigration Commission accepted a tender for Hougoumont to carry government-assisted emigrants to Australia. In September 1863, ten men and five women were removed from the ship to the St Georges infirmary, Wapping, diagnosed with "Insanity". Several were later transferred to the Colney Hatch Asylum. On 9 June 1866 the vessel began a voyage from Plymouth to Port Adelaide, carrying 335 emigrants. It arrived on 16 September. Hougoumont's most famous voyage occurred in 1867, after it was chartered to transport convicts to Western Australia. By this time, it was owned by . A number of convicts boarded the ship at Sheerness, Kent, on 30 September. It then sailed along the south coast of England to Portland, where more convicts were boarded. It departed Portsmouth on 12 October 1867 with 280 convicts and 108 passengers on board. Most of the passengers were pensioner guards and their families. The ship's captain was William Cozens and the surgeon-superintendent was Dr William Smith. After a largely uneventful voyage of 89 days, during which time one convict died, Hougoumont docked at Fremantle, Western Australia on 10 January 1868. Amongst the convicts were 62 Fenian political prisoners, transported for their part in the Fenian Rising of 1867. About 17 of these were military Fenians. The transportation of political prisoners contravened the agreement between the United Kingdom and Western Australia, and news of their impending arrival caused panic in Western Australia. The fact that military Fenians were transported was also highly unusual, given the British Government's previous firm policy not to transport military prisoners. The presence of Fenians amongst the convicts meant that there were many more literate convicts on board than was usual for such a voyage. Consequently, a number of journals of the voyage are extant: that of Denis Cashman has been known of for many years, and that of John Casey and the memoirs of Thomas McCarthy Fennell have recently been discovered and published. Numerous letters survive, and many articles about the voyage were later written by Fenians who went on to become journalists, such as John Boyle O'Reilly. Also, during the voyage a number of the Fenians entertained themselves by producing seven editions of a shipboard newspaper entitled The Wild Goose, which survive in the State Library of New South Wales. Little is known of Hougoumont's later service, but there are records of emigrants arriving in Melbourne on board Hougoumont in 1869. The ship was still listed in Lloyd's Register in 1883, but is not in the 1889/90 volume. In the 1880s Hougoumont was used as a storage vessel during the building of the Forth Bridge.It was used as a hospital ship in the Firth of Forth in the mid-1880s for smallpox sufferers, with numerous records in the National Records of Scotland listing it as such as place of death. Many pictures purporting to be "the" Hougoumont are in fact of a later steel four-masted barque also named Hougomont, 2428 tons, built at Greenock in 1897, and hulked at Stenhouse Bay in South Australia in 1932. (en)
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  • Hougoumont in 1885 during the construction of the Forth Bridge in Scotland. (en)
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  • The ship 'Hougoumont' at the Forth Bridge works .jpg (en)
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  • Die Hougoumont war ein Segelschiff mit drei Masten, eine sogenannte Blackwall-Fregatte. Dieses Schiff führte den letzten Transport von Sträflingen in die Sträflingskolonie Australien durch. Das Schiff legte am 12. Oktober 1867 in London in England ab. Nach 89 Tagen auf See kam sie am 9. Januar 1868 mit 279 Sträflingen und 108 Passagieren in Fremantle in Western Australia an. Es war in der damaligen Zeit überaus unüblich politische Gefangene auf englischen Schiffen zu transportieren, was zu öffentlicher Besorgnis im australischen Fremantle führte. (de)
  • Hougoumont was the last convict ship to transport convicts to Australia. A three-masted full-rigged ship of the type commonly known as a Blackwall Frigate, Hougoumont was constructed at Moulmein, Burma in 1852. The ship's original owner was Duncan Dunbar, a highly successful ship owner who entered the convict transport trade in the 1840s, providing nearly a third of the ships that transported convicts to Western Australia. The nineteenth century author W. Clark Russell claimed to have served on the Hougoumont for three years. (en)
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  • Hougoumont (de)
  • Hougoumont (ship) (en)
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  • Hougoumont (en)
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