HAL/S is a real-time aerospace programming language, best known for its use in the Space Shuttle program. It was designed by Intermetrics in the 1970s for NASA. HAL/S is written in XPL, a dialect of PL/I.

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  • HAL/S is a real-time aerospace programming language, best known for its use in the Space Shuttle program. It was designed by Intermetrics in the 1970s for NASA. HAL/S is written in XPL, a dialect of PL/I. The three key factors in writing the language were reliability, efficiency, and machine-independence. The language is designed to allow aerospace-related tasks (such as vector/matrix arithmetic) to be accomplished in a way that is easily understandable to people who have spaceflight knowledge, but may not necessarily have proficiency with computer programming. HAL/S is designed without many of the constructs that are known to be the cause of many errors. There are no abbreviations for keywords, and keywords are all reserved so that they cannot also be used as variables. Some features, such as "GOTO" are provided chiefly to ease mechanical translations from other languages. Considerations such as this are designed to reduce the chances of errors occurring, and also make it easy for others to read and understand the programs produced (self-documenting code). HAL is not an acronym. On the Preface page of the HAL/S Language Specification, it says, :"....fundamental contributions to the concept and implementation of MAC were made by Dr. J. Halcombe Laning of the Draper Laboratory." "HAL" was suggested as the name of the new language by Ed Copps, a founding director of Intermetrics, to honor Hal Laning, a colleague at MIT. One particularly interesting feature of HAL is that it supports a three-line input format in which three source code lines are used for each statement, with the first and third lines usable for superscripts (exponents) and subscripts (indices). This was designed to be similar to mathematical notation. (en)
  • HAL/S (High-order Assembly Language/Shuttle) ist eine Programmiersprache, die für Echtzeitanwendungen in Raumfahrzeugen von Intermetrics, Inc. im Auftrag der NASA entwickelt wurde. Die Entwicklungen begannen Ende der 1960er unter dem Namen HAL. Mit Beginn des Shuttleprojekts wurde 1972 der Zusatz /S hinzugefügt, da die komplette Software des Shuttles in dieser Sprache geschrieben wurde. HAL/S wurde auch in anderen Raumfahrtprojekten verwendet, z.B. zur Lageregelung der Galileo-Sonde. (de)
  • HAL/S est un langage de programmation temps réel utilisé par la NASA pour la navette spatiale. Catégorie:Langage de programmation Catégorie:Système embarqué (fr)
  • HAL/S è un linguaggio real-time per applicazioni aereospaziali, conosciuto per il suo utilizzo nello Space Shuttle. È stato sviluppato negli anni '70 dalla Intermetrics per la NASA. HAL/S è stato scritto utilizzando XPL, un dialetto del PL/I. I tre fattori chiave presi in considerazione nella stesura del linguaggio sono stati: affidabilità, efficienza e indipendenza dall'hardware. Il linguaggio è stato concepito in modo da poter rendere compiti, quali il calcolo vettoriale associato alle operazioni aereospaziali, facilmente comprensibili alle persone che possiedono nozioni in materia. HAL/S è stato scritto senza utilizzare salti incondizionali (come i GOTO del BASIC), le parole chiave sono tutte riservate (non è possibile definire variabili con lo stesso nome), tutte funzionalità pensate per ridurre i possibili errori di codifica e rendere i programmi facilmente comprensibili. HAL ufficialmente significa High-order Assembly Language, ma probabilmente il computer HAL 9000 dipotrebbe aver giocato un ruolo nella scelta dell'acronimo. (it)
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  • HAL/S is a real-time aerospace programming language, best known for its use in the Space Shuttle program. It was designed by Intermetrics in the 1970s for NASA. HAL/S is written in XPL, a dialect of PL/I. (en)
  • HAL/S (High-order Assembly Language/Shuttle) ist eine Programmiersprache, die für Echtzeitanwendungen in Raumfahrzeugen von Intermetrics, Inc. im Auftrag der NASA entwickelt wurde. (de)
  • HAL/S est un langage de programmation temps réel utilisé par la NASA pour la navette spatiale. (fr)
  • HAL/S è un linguaggio real-time per applicazioni aereospaziali, conosciuto per il suo utilizzo nello Space Shuttle. È stato sviluppato negli anni '70 dalla Intermetrics per la NASA. (it)
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  • HAL/S (en)
  • HAL/S (de)
  • HAL/S (fr)
  • HAL/S (it)
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