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- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (* 27. Februar 1860 in Nijmegen; † 26. März 1942 in Wassenaar) war ein niederländischer Geologe, der sich mit der Geologie Südafrikas befasste und ein zu seiner Zeit führender Experte für die Geologie Indonesiens war. (de)
- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (27 February 1860 – 26 March 1942) was a Dutch geologist, biologist and explorer. He became an authority on the geology of South Africa and the Dutch East Indies. Gustaaf Molengraaff studied mathematics and physics at Leiden University. From 1882 he studied at Utrecht University. As a student he made his first journey overseas when he joined the 1884–1885 expedition to the Dutch Antilles led by Willem Frederik Reinier Suringar and Karl Martin. He became PhD with a thesis on the geology of Sint Eustatius. He studied crystallography in Munich, where he also took the opportunity to study the geology of the Alps nearby. In 1888 Molengraaff took a job as a teacher at the University of Amsterdam. Before his assignment courses in geology were given by the chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff. During his assignment in Amsterdam, Molengraaff travelled to South Africa to study gold deposits (1891) and to Borneo (1894) where he explored large parts of the inland. Teaching at Amsterdam was not to his liking, because there were too little materials and students available. In 1897 Molengraaff became "state geologist" of the Transvaal Republic. His task was to start the geological survey of the Transvaal. While mapping the Transvaal he discovered the Bushveld complex. In 1900 he got involved in the Second Boer War and had to return to the Netherlands. This gave him time to write a report on the geology of the Transvaal, and travel to Celebes, where he (again) studied gold deposits. Due to his reputation as a geologist he could return to South Africa in 1901 to work as a geological consultant. One of his assignments was to describe the newly found Cullinan diamond for the Central Bank of South Africa. Meanwhile the Boer War still had his attention. One of his ideas was to give each soldier a small tin identity card, which later became practice in armies around the world. In 1906 he became professor at Delft University and this time he got enough resources and students to make his work successful. The same year he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1910-1911 he led a geological expedition to Timor. His research at Delft was mainly on the material collected during that expedition, and on the geology of the Netherlands. In 1927 he was a guide of the to South Africa, organized by Harvard University. On the expedition he met Alexander Du Toit, both geologists were among the (at that time rare) supporters of Alfred Wegeners' continental drift theory. Molengraaff was a close friend of W. F. Gisolf, who named his youngest son after him but died in a Japanese concentration camp. Molengraaff retired in 1930. (en)
- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (27 février 1860 - 26 mars 1942) est un géologue, biologiste et explorateur néerlandais. Il est une autorité sur la géologie de l'Afrique du Sud et des Indes néerlandaises. (fr)
- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (Nijmegen, 27 februari 1860 – Wassenaar, 26 maart 1942) was een Nederlandse geoloog, bioloog en ontdekkingsreiziger. Hij was een autoriteit op het gebied van de geologie van Zuid-Afrika en Nederlands-Indië. Gustaaf was een jongere broer van de jurist Willem Molengraaff. (nl)
- グスターフ・アドルフ・フレデリク・モーレングラーフ（Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff、1860年2月27日 - 1942年3月26日）は、オランダの地質学者、生物学者、探検家である。南アフリカとインドネシアの地質学の権威であった。 (ja)
- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (Nijmegen, Países Baixos, 27 de fevereiro de 1860 — Wassenaar, Países Baixos, 26 de março de 1942) foi um geólogo, biólogo e explorador neerlandês. Era uma autoridade na geologia da África do Sul, das Índias Orientais Holandesas e dos Alpes. Foi laureado com a medalha Wollaston de 1936 pela Geological Society of London. (pt)
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- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (en)
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- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (* 27. Februar 1860 in Nijmegen; † 26. März 1942 in Wassenaar) war ein niederländischer Geologe, der sich mit der Geologie Südafrikas befasste und ein zu seiner Zeit führender Experte für die Geologie Indonesiens war. (de)
- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (27 février 1860 - 26 mars 1942) est un géologue, biologiste et explorateur néerlandais. Il est une autorité sur la géologie de l'Afrique du Sud et des Indes néerlandaises. (fr)
- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (Nijmegen, 27 februari 1860 – Wassenaar, 26 maart 1942) was een Nederlandse geoloog, bioloog en ontdekkingsreiziger. Hij was een autoriteit op het gebied van de geologie van Zuid-Afrika en Nederlands-Indië. Gustaaf was een jongere broer van de jurist Willem Molengraaff. (nl)
- グスターフ・アドルフ・フレデリク・モーレングラーフ（Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff、1860年2月27日 - 1942年3月26日）は、オランダの地質学者、生物学者、探検家である。南アフリカとインドネシアの地質学の権威であった。 (ja)
- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (Nijmegen, Países Baixos, 27 de fevereiro de 1860 — Wassenaar, Países Baixos, 26 de março de 1942) foi um geólogo, biólogo e explorador neerlandês. Era uma autoridade na geologia da África do Sul, das Índias Orientais Holandesas e dos Alpes. Foi laureado com a medalha Wollaston de 1936 pela Geological Society of London. (pt)
- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (27 February 1860 – 26 March 1942) was a Dutch geologist, biologist and explorer. He became an authority on the geology of South Africa and the Dutch East Indies. Gustaaf Molengraaff studied mathematics and physics at Leiden University. From 1882 he studied at Utrecht University. As a student he made his first journey overseas when he joined the 1884–1885 expedition to the Dutch Antilles led by Willem Frederik Reinier Suringar and Karl Martin. He became PhD with a thesis on the geology of Sint Eustatius. He studied crystallography in Munich, where he also took the opportunity to study the geology of the Alps nearby. (en)
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- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (de)
- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (en)
- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (fr)
- グスターフ・モーレングラーフ (ja)
- Gustaaf Molengraaff (nl)
- Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (pt)
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