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Guillaume Le Testu, sometimes referred to as Guillaume Le Têtu (c. 1509-12 – April 29, 1573), was a French privateer, explorer and navigator. He was one of the foremost cartographers of his time and an author of the Dieppe maps. His maps were distinguished by their sophistication and detail; they influenced generations of cartographers, navigators and explorers.

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  • جيوم لي تيستو (بالفرنسية: Guillaume Le Testu)‏ هو قرصان مفوض ومستكشف وملاح وراسم خرائط فرنسي ولد في سنة 1509 في لو هافر في نورماندي. كان واحد من ألذي رسموا . مارس القرصنة بنجاح أثناء فترة حروب فرنسا الدينية، قام مع فرنسيس دريك بمهاجمة السفن الإسبانية في في بنما واغتنم منها الكثير من الذهب والفضة، إلا أنه قتل هناك فيما بعد. يعتقد بأنه أول أوروبي زار أستراليا، حيث احتوت خرائطة على مناطق جنوب جزيرة جاوا وألتي عرفها باسم جاوا الكبرى. (ar)
  • Guillaume Le Testu (* um 1510 in Le Havre; † 31. März 1573 in Panama) war ein französischer Kartograf und Visionär, der auch als „Seher von Dieppe“ bezeichnet wurde und zudem ein Spieler war. Sein kartografisches Lebenswerk trägt den Namen Cosmographie Universelle selon le Navigateurs tant Ancien que Modernes (Universelle Kosmografie nach den [Berichten der] Seefahrer – früherer und moderner). Rätselhaft ist, dass er in diesem Weltatlas von 1555 erstmals den genauen Küstenverlauf von Westaustralien darstellt – 43 Jahre bevor der damals nur hypothetische Südkontinent Terra Australis incognita in einem an der Universität Löwen gedruckten Buch offiziell mit dem Fünften Kontinent assoziiert wurde. Seine Kosmografie erstellte Le Testu für den Admiral Gaspard II. de Coligny (1519–1572), der erst Hugenottenführer und dann ein Gefolgsmann von Sir Francis Drake war. An den linken Kartenrand setzte der visionäre Kartograf eine Maßstabsleiste, was damals nicht üblich war. Ins Mündungsgebiet des Fitzroy Rivers setzte er die Bezeichnung „Terra Australis“ und war damit den Erkenntnissen der damals führenden Navigatoren und Kartografen der Niederlande um ein halbes Jahrhundert voraus. Woher er seine genauen Kenntnisse hatte – oder ob sie teilweise seiner Fantasie entsprangen – ist nicht ganz zu klären. Nachfolgende Seefahrer – z. B. der 1577 noch als Pirat tätige Francis Drake oder um 1595 Alvaro de Mendana bzw. sein Lotse Pedro de Quiros – waren noch nicht so genau in ihren Angaben; erst von Willem Jansz, der 1606 in Nordaustralien landete, gab es ähnlich genaue Küstenskizzen. Sein Lebensende fand Le Testu 1573 in Panama, wo er als Pirat zusammen mit Sir Francis Drake bei der Hafenstadt Nombre de Dios einen spanischen Silbertransport überfiel und reiche Beute machte. Jedoch wurde er verwundet. Während Drake zu seiner Flotte zurückkehrte, fiel Le Testu in die Hände der Spanier und wurde enthauptet. Seinen Kopf stellte man zur Abschreckung – auch aller talentierten Spieler – auf dem Marktplatz zur Schau. (de)
  • Guillaume Le Testu, sometimes referred to as Guillaume Le Têtu (c. 1509-12 – April 29, 1573), was a French privateer, explorer and navigator. He was one of the foremost cartographers of his time and an author of the Dieppe maps. His maps were distinguished by their sophistication and detail; they influenced generations of cartographers, navigators and explorers. Le Testu was successful as a privateer during the early years of the French Wars of Religion. In 1573, he and Sir Francis Drake attacked a Spanish mule train escorting gold and silver to Nombre de Dios on the Atlantic coast of Panama, and he was subsequently killed following his capture by the Spanish. Suggestions that Le Testu may have mapped (or even visited) Australia are based on: first, his maps' depiction of a large island (or continent), south of Java, which Le Testu identified as the Jave la Grande ("Java Major" or "Great Java") mentioned by Marco Polo (and was otherwise known at the time as Terra Australis) and second, Le Testu's incorporation in these maps of birds that resemble black swans and cassowaries, which are both native to Australia. However, he did not claim to have seen Jave la Grande in person and many cartographers at the time incorporated hypothetical, mythological or fantastic elements, a practice that is clearly also true of Le Testu. His maps also showed unicorns and monstrous creatures such as 200 metre long giant snakes, basilisks, satyrs, Blemmyes (headless humans) and Cynocephalics (dog-headed humans). Le Testu's work was used by Admiral Gaspard de Coligny and French Huguenots hoping to establish themselves in Brazil, Florida, the Caribbean and even the Terra Australis derived from Le Testu's "Jave la Grande". However, these attempts were abandoned following Coligny's assassination in 1572 and Le Testu's death the following year. (en)
  • Guillaume [Guillermo] Le Testu (El Havre, ca. 1509 - cerca de Nombre de Dios (Panamá), 29 de abril de 1573), fue un marino, corsario, explorador y cartógrafo francés, recordado por haber explorado el litoral brasileño en 1551 y cartografiado la bahía de Guanabara, en la desembocadura del rivière de Janvier (futuro Río de Janeiro). Fue el autor de un atlas de 56 cartas (Cosmographie Universelle selon les navigateurs, tant anciens que modernes, 1555-1556) y colaborador de la escuela de cartografía de Dieppe. Protestante, fue encarcelado durante las guerras de religión y, finalmente, liberado por Carlos IX. Luego se convirtió en capitán de un barco corsario de 80 toneladas. En 1573, cuando se encontraba en la región del istmo de Panamá, se unió a sir Francis Drake, del que se convierte en piloto de altura, y a quien revela que tiene que existir un pasaje entre los océanos Atlántico y Pacífico al sur de la Patagonia. Participó con él en un ataque con éxito el 31 de marzo contra un convoy de plata español en Nombre de Dios (hoy Panamá, entonces en la Nueva España), un puerto en el istmo que era usado por la Flota de Indias. Fue herido y hecho prisionero por los españoles que le ajusticiaron días más tarde.​ Un barrio de El Havre lleva hoy día su nombre. (es)
  • Guillaume Le Testu ou Têtu, né vers 1510 au Havre et mort au Panama le 31 mars 1573, est un explorateur, cartographe et corsaire français. Il collabora à l'école de cartographie de Dieppe. (fr)
  • Guillaume Le Testu (Le Havre, Normandia, c. 1509 – Panamá, 31 de Março de 1573) foi um navegador, cartógrafo e corsário francês do Renascimento. (pt)
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  • Guillaume Le Tetu (en)
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  • 1509-01-01 (xsd:gYear)
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  • 1573-04-29 (xsd:date)
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  • 1573-01-01 (xsd:gYear)
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  • right (en)
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  • c. 1509 (en)
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  • Le Havre, Normandy, France (en)
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  • 1573-04-29 (xsd:date)
dbp:deathPlace
  • near Nombre de Dios, Panama (en)
dbp:knownFor
  • Cartographer of the Dieppe maps and world atlas in 1555; alleged to have been the first European to map Australia. (en)
dbp:name
  • Guillaume Le Testu (en)
dbp:occupation
  • Explorer, navigator, cartographer and privateer (en)
dbp:otherNames
  • Guillaume Le Tetu (en)
dbp:quote
  • Cosmographie Universelle selon les Navigateurs, tant anciens que modernes . (en)
  • (The present Figure contains a part of Jave la Grande [Java Major], which is situated in the southern part in the Temperate Zone. The inhabitants of it are Idolaters, ignorant of God, and in it grows Nutmeg with Cloves, and several other kinds of fruits and spices... This is La Grant Jave [Java Major], and La Petite Jave [Java Minor] in which there are eight Kingdoms. The men of these two Countries are Idolaters and wicked. Several manner of spices grow in these two Regions, such as Nutmeg, Cloves, and other spices... This Land is part of the so-called Terra Australis, to us Unknown, so that which is marked herein is only from Imagination and uncertain opinion; for some say that La Grant Jave [Java Major] which is the eastern Coast of it is the same land of which the western Coast forms the Strait of Magellan, and that all of this land is joined together... This Part is the same Land of the south called Austral, which has never yet been discovered, for there is no account of anyone having yet found it, and therefore nothing has been remarked of it but from Imagination. I have not been able to describe any of its resources, and for this reason I leave speaking further of it until more ample discovery has been made, and as much as I have written and annoted names to several of its capes this has only been to align the pieces depicted herein to the views of others and also so that those who navigate there be on their guard when they are of opinion that they are approaching the said Land... This piece is a part of the Southland or Terra Australis, from Imagination situated under the Frigid Zone, forasmuch as some are of the opinion that the Land of the Strait of Magellan and La Grande Java [Java Major] are joined together. This is not yet known for certain, and for this Reason I am unable to describe its Resources.) (en)
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  • Guillaume Le Testu (en)
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  • جيوم لي تيستو (بالفرنسية: Guillaume Le Testu)‏ هو قرصان مفوض ومستكشف وملاح وراسم خرائط فرنسي ولد في سنة 1509 في لو هافر في نورماندي. كان واحد من ألذي رسموا . مارس القرصنة بنجاح أثناء فترة حروب فرنسا الدينية، قام مع فرنسيس دريك بمهاجمة السفن الإسبانية في في بنما واغتنم منها الكثير من الذهب والفضة، إلا أنه قتل هناك فيما بعد. يعتقد بأنه أول أوروبي زار أستراليا، حيث احتوت خرائطة على مناطق جنوب جزيرة جاوا وألتي عرفها باسم جاوا الكبرى. (ar)
  • Guillaume Le Testu ou Têtu, né vers 1510 au Havre et mort au Panama le 31 mars 1573, est un explorateur, cartographe et corsaire français. Il collabora à l'école de cartographie de Dieppe. (fr)
  • Guillaume Le Testu (Le Havre, Normandia, c. 1509 – Panamá, 31 de Março de 1573) foi um navegador, cartógrafo e corsário francês do Renascimento. (pt)
  • Guillaume Le Testu (* um 1510 in Le Havre; † 31. März 1573 in Panama) war ein französischer Kartograf und Visionär, der auch als „Seher von Dieppe“ bezeichnet wurde und zudem ein Spieler war. Sein kartografisches Lebenswerk trägt den Namen Cosmographie Universelle selon le Navigateurs tant Ancien que Modernes (Universelle Kosmografie nach den [Berichten der] Seefahrer – früherer und moderner). (de)
  • Guillaume Le Testu, sometimes referred to as Guillaume Le Têtu (c. 1509-12 – April 29, 1573), was a French privateer, explorer and navigator. He was one of the foremost cartographers of his time and an author of the Dieppe maps. His maps were distinguished by their sophistication and detail; they influenced generations of cartographers, navigators and explorers. (en)
  • Guillaume [Guillermo] Le Testu (El Havre, ca. 1509 - cerca de Nombre de Dios (Panamá), 29 de abril de 1573), fue un marino, corsario, explorador y cartógrafo francés, recordado por haber explorado el litoral brasileño en 1551 y cartografiado la bahía de Guanabara, en la desembocadura del rivière de Janvier (futuro Río de Janeiro). Fue el autor de un atlas de 56 cartas (Cosmographie Universelle selon les navigateurs, tant anciens que modernes, 1555-1556) y colaborador de la escuela de cartografía de Dieppe. Un barrio de El Havre lleva hoy día su nombre. (es)
rdfs:label
  • غيوم لي تيستو (ar)
  • Guillaume Le Testu (de)
  • Guillaume Le Testu (en)
  • Guillermo Le Testu (es)
  • Guillaume Le Testu (fr)
  • Guillaume Le Testu (pt)
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  • Guillaume Le Testu (en)
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