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- The gourd mouth organ is a free reed mouth organ played across East and Southeast Asia. It consists of a gourd wind chest with several bamboo or bronze pipes inserted on top of it, the numbers of pipes differing from region to region. The gourd mouth organ is closely associated with cultural minorities in Asian countries; thus, its styles are diverse, and different counterparts can be seen across different cultures. In southern China, the generic name of the gourd mouth organ is Hulu Sheng (葫芦笙; pinyin: húlúshēng; literally "gourd sheng"). The accompaniment of the instrument is essential to the ethnic minorities in China's southern province of Yunnan, such as the Lahu, Yi, Miao and Naxi, especially during their ritual Tage dancing. In southeast Asia, like Upper Myanmar, northern Laos, northeast Thailand, and Rattanakiri province in Cambodia, the gourd mouth organ is also an essential part of the people's daily and ceremonial lives. In Thailand, it is called naw among the Lahu, lachi among the Akha, and fulu among the Lisu; in Cambodia, it is called ploy; in northeastern Borneo, it is called sumpoton; and in Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Bangladesh, it is called đing nǎm or m'buot. The gourd mouth organ is tuned based on the pentatonic scale without semitones, especially in the melodies, and the melodies are usually accompanied by chords. Pitches can be changed by closing and opening the pipe holes. The players hold the instrument almost horizontally and blow into the windchest during aspiration. (en)
- 葫芦笙，是彝、拉祜、佤、僳僳、哈尼、黎、纳西、怒、普米、苗等族单簧气鸣乐器。彝语 称布若、昂。拉祜语称若、若果筚。佤语称拜、拜桂、恩拜因 、唔变。僳僳语称玛纽、阿普筚。哈尼语称拉结、报扎。纳西语称妞篾、贝批又。流行于云 南省楚雄彝族自治州、思茅地区、西双版纳傣族自治州、 保山地区、临沧地区、德宏傣族景颇族自治州、怒江僳僳族自治州、丽江地区，四川省凉山 彝族自治州，贵州省毕节地区、安顺地区、黔西南布依族苗族自治州和广西壮族自治区百色地区等地。 (zh)
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