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- La orden de asistencia (en inglés writ of assistance) era un documento legal utilizado en Gran Bretaña como una orden gubernamental para asistir y apoyar a un funcionario en el cumplimiento de sus funciones, similar a una "orden de búsqueda" (search warrant) pero de alcance más general. La orden de asistencia usualmente carecía de límites de tiempo para su uso, y exigía que toda persona colaborase con el funcionario en favor del cual se había emitido el documento. El empleo normal de esta orden ocurría en las inspecciones de aduana y de tributos, y este documento autorizaba al funcionario a investigar a cualquier persona, cosa, o lugar, que se considere sospechoso, sin plazo de expiración. Las órdenes de asistencia fueron instauradas en Gran Bretaña mediante la Ley Townshend de 1767, y se siguieron emitiendo de manera genérica hasta 1819, pese a las protestas de quienes consideraban que esta clase de documentos permitía abusos y vejaciones por parte de los funcionarios de la Corona. (es)
- Le Writ of Assistance, mandat général de perquisition ou encore mandat de maimorte, est une procédure privilégiée instituée en Angleterre depuis les années 1650 sous Oliver Cromwell, selon laquelle les agents de douanes disposaient du droit de fouille pour retrouver partout en Angleterre les marchandises de contrebande. Lors de la Révolution financière britannique, elle a été développée par une administration puritaine inquiète de l'enrichissement des colonies de jacobites irlandais par la culture du sucre dans le Nouveau Monde, en particulier dans les îles de la Jamaïque et la Barbade. Dans les années 1760, qui voient la création du Sugar Act après la guerre de Sept Ans, Londres décide d'activer cette procédure. C'est pour y résister que les négociants de Boston, grands importateurs de mélasses de Saint-Domingue pour leurs distilleries, ont recruté en 1761 le procureur de la ville James Otis pour attaquer en justice cette procédure, ce qui a débouché progressivement sur une critique du protectionnisme anglais suffisamment forte pour enclencher la guerre d'indépendance américaine. (fr)
- A writ of assistance is a written order (a writ) issued by a court instructing a law enforcement official, such as a sheriff or a tax collector, to perform a certain task. Historically, several types of writs have been called "writs of assistance". Most often, a writ of assistance is "used to enforce an order for the possession of lands". When used to evict someone from real property, such a writ is also called a writ of restitution or a writ of possession. In the area of customs, writs of assistance were a product of enactments of the British Parliament beginning with the Customs Act of 1660 (12 Charles II c.11, sec. 1) though the first mention of the phrase was in the follow-up Customs Act of 1662 (14 Charles II, c.11, sec.4). The writs of assistance were issued by the Court of Exchequer to help customs officials search for smuggled goods. These writs were called "writs of assistance" because they called upon sheriffs, other officials, and loyal subjects to "assist" the customs official in carrying out his duties. In general, customs writs of assistance served as general search warrants that did not expire, allowing customs officials to search anywhere for smuggled goods without having to obtain a specific warrant. These writs became controversial when they were issued by courts in British America between 1755 and 1760 (then mirroring like writs having previously been issued, and being enforced, in the motherland by Britain's Exchequer Court), especially the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Controversy over these general writs of assistance inspired the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which forbids general search warrants in the United States of America. Though generally these colonial writs were no more onerous than the ones enforced in Britain, a fallacious 1760 London Magazine article asserted the writs issued in the motherland "...were specific, not general" thereby generating the perception in the colonies that the colonists were being treated unfairly. John Adams was to later assert that the ensuing court battle was the "seeds of the American Revolution." (en)
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- La orden de asistencia (en inglés writ of assistance) era un documento legal utilizado en Gran Bretaña como una orden gubernamental para asistir y apoyar a un funcionario en el cumplimiento de sus funciones, similar a una "orden de búsqueda" (search warrant) pero de alcance más general. (es)
- Le Writ of Assistance, mandat général de perquisition ou encore mandat de maimorte, est une procédure privilégiée instituée en Angleterre depuis les années 1650 sous Oliver Cromwell, selon laquelle les agents de douanes disposaient du droit de fouille pour retrouver partout en Angleterre les marchandises de contrebande. Lors de la Révolution financière britannique, elle a été développée par une administration puritaine inquiète de l'enrichissement des colonies de jacobites irlandais par la culture du sucre dans le Nouveau Monde, en particulier dans les îles de la Jamaïque et la Barbade. (fr)
- A writ of assistance is a written order (a writ) issued by a court instructing a law enforcement official, such as a sheriff or a tax collector, to perform a certain task. Historically, several types of writs have been called "writs of assistance". Most often, a writ of assistance is "used to enforce an order for the possession of lands". When used to evict someone from real property, such a writ is also called a writ of restitution or a writ of possession. In the area of customs, writs of assistance were a product of enactments of the British Parliament beginning with the Customs Act of 1660 (12 Charles II c.11, sec. 1) though the first mention of the phrase was in the follow-up Customs Act of 1662 (14 Charles II, c.11, sec.4). The writs of assistance were issued by the Court of Exchequer (en)
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