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- The Garbha Upanishad (Sanskrit: गर्भ उपनिषत्, romanized: Garbha Upaniṣad, lit. 'Esoteric Doctrine over the Embryo'), or Garbhopanishad (Garbhopaniṣad), is one of the minor Upanishads, listed number 17 in the modern anthology of 108 Hindu Upanishadic texts. Written in Sanskrit, it is associated with the Krishna Yajurveda by some, and as a Vedantic Upanishad associated with the Atharvaveda by other scholars. It is considered one of the 35 Samanya (general) Upanishads. The last verse of the Upanishad attributes the text to sage Pippalada, but the chronology and author of the text is unclear, and the surviving manuscripts are damaged, inconsistent with each other and incomplete. The Garbha Upanishad is a text that almost exclusively comments on medical and physiology-related themes, dealing with the theory of the formation and development of the human embryo and human body after birth. Paul Deussen et al. consider this Upanishad on the garbha or human embryo to be more like "a manual on physiology or medicine" than a spiritual text, with the exception of a passage which includes a number of statements about the foetus' awareness, including the assertion that the foetus has knowledge of its past lives as well as intuitive sense of good and bad, which it forgets during the process of birth. The text is notable for its style, where it states a proposition, asks questions challenging the proposition, thereafter develops and presents answers to those questions. It is also notable for its attempt to enumerate and offer relative measure of human anatomy from foetus to adult stage of human life. (en)
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- Human embryo or Garbha in sanskrit (en)
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- Unknown, manuscripts are incomplete (en)
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- The Garbha Upanishad (Sanskrit: गर्भ उपनिषत्, romanized: Garbha Upaniṣad, lit. 'Esoteric Doctrine over the Embryo'), or Garbhopanishad (Garbhopaniṣad), is one of the minor Upanishads, listed number 17 in the modern anthology of 108 Hindu Upanishadic texts. Written in Sanskrit, it is associated with the Krishna Yajurveda by some, and as a Vedantic Upanishad associated with the Atharvaveda by other scholars. It is considered one of the 35 Samanya (general) Upanishads. The last verse of the Upanishad attributes the text to sage Pippalada, but the chronology and author of the text is unclear, and the surviving manuscripts are damaged, inconsistent with each other and incomplete. (en)
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