Foundationalism is any theory in epistemology (typically, theories of justification, but also of knowledge) that holds that beliefs are justified (known, etc.) based on what are called basic beliefs (also commonly called foundational beliefs). Basic beliefs are beliefs that give justificatory support to other beliefs, and more derivative beliefs are based on those more basic beliefs.

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  • Foundationalism is any theory in epistemology (typically, theories of justification, but also of knowledge) that holds that beliefs are justified (known, etc.) based on what are called basic beliefs (also commonly called foundational beliefs). Basic beliefs are beliefs that give justificatory support to other beliefs, and more derivative beliefs are based on those more basic beliefs. The basic beliefs are said to be self-justifying or self-evident, that is, they enjoy a non-inferential warrant (or justification), i.e., they are not justified by other beliefs. Typically and historically, foundationalists have held either that basic beliefs are justified by mental events or states, such as experiences, that do not constitute beliefs (these are called nondoxastic mental states), or that they simply are not the type of thing that can be (or needs to be) justified. Hence, generally, a foundationalist might offer the following theory of justification: :A belief is epistemically justified if and only if (1) it is justified by a basic belief or beliefs, or (2) it is justified by a chain of beliefs that is supported by a basic belief or beliefs, and on which all the others are ultimately based. A basic belief, on the other hand, does not require justification because it is a different kind of belief than a non-foundational one. (en)
  • Fundamentalismi eli foundationalismi on tietoteoriassa uskomusten oikeutusteoria, jonka mukaan on olemassa perususkomuksia tai -oletuksia, jotka ovat oikeutettuja sellaisinaan, ja joista kaikkien muiden uskomusten oikeutus riippuu. Fundamentalismi voidaan jakaa radikaaliin fundamentalismiin, joka katsoo perususkomusten olevan erehtymättömiä, kumoamattomia tai epäilyksettömiä, ja maltilliseen fundamentalismiin, joka katsoo perususkomusten voivat kumoutua, jos toisin todistetaan. Tietoteoreettista fundamentalismia ei tule sekoittaa uskonnolliseen fundamentalismiin. (fi)
  • 基礎付け主義（きそづけしゅぎ, foundationalism）とは、信念や判断の構造に関する立場であり、哲学のさまざまな分野に存在する。 認識論においては、基礎付け主義とは信念が正当化されるのは基本的な信念によって基礎付けられることによってである、という考えを指す。倫理学においては、基礎付け主義とは、倫理的判断が正当化されるのは基礎的な倫理判断によって基礎づけられている場合である、という考え方を指す。 派生的な信念は基本的な信念によって根拠付けられ、基本的な信念は、「自明である」とか、「自らを正当化する」とされる。 たいていの場合、基礎付け主義者たちは、こうした基礎的な信念は、デカルトの明晰判明や「コギトの疑えなさ」などの、それ自体は信念ではない、心理的・精神的な出来事、状況、経験によって正当化されるものとみなしてきた。 したがって基礎付け主義の理論では、「ある信念が認識論的に正当化されるのは、それが直接、あるいは基礎付けの連鎖を遡及していけば究極的には、自明な基本的な信念によって基礎付けられるときだけである」ということになる。 いいかえればこのような立場は、命題の確実さは、絶対確実な疑い得ない根拠から正当化の連鎖によって派生的に与えられるものであるとみなすことでもある。 とくに近年において、基礎付け主義は有力な反論を受けることとなった。 (ja)
  • O fundacionalismo diz respeito a qualquer teoria epistemológica que se baseie no conceito de crenças básicas, ou fundamentos para a construção do conhecimento. Nas palavras de S. Blackburn, trata-se de "o ponto de vista epistemológico segundo o qual o conhecimento deve ser concebido como uma estrutura que se ergue a partir de fundamentos certos e seguros". (pt)
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  • Foundational Theories of Epistemic Justification (en)
  • justep-foundational (en)
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  • Foundationalism is any theory in epistemology (typically, theories of justification, but also of knowledge) that holds that beliefs are justified (known, etc.) based on what are called basic beliefs (also commonly called foundational beliefs). Basic beliefs are beliefs that give justificatory support to other beliefs, and more derivative beliefs are based on those more basic beliefs. (en)
  • Fundamentalismi eli foundationalismi on tietoteoriassa uskomusten oikeutusteoria, jonka mukaan on olemassa perususkomuksia tai -oletuksia, jotka ovat oikeutettuja sellaisinaan, ja joista kaikkien muiden uskomusten oikeutus riippuu. Fundamentalismi voidaan jakaa radikaaliin fundamentalismiin, joka katsoo perususkomusten olevan erehtymättömiä, kumoamattomia tai epäilyksettömiä, ja maltilliseen fundamentalismiin, joka katsoo perususkomusten voivat kumoutua, jos toisin todistetaan. (fi)
  • 基礎付け主義（きそづけしゅぎ, foundationalism）とは、信念や判断の構造に関する立場であり、哲学のさまざまな分野に存在する。 (ja)
  • O fundacionalismo diz respeito a qualquer teoria epistemológica que se baseie no conceito de crenças básicas, ou fundamentos para a construção do conhecimento. Nas palavras de S. Blackburn, trata-se de "o ponto de vista epistemológico segundo o qual o conhecimento deve ser concebido como uma estrutura que se ergue a partir de fundamentos certos e seguros". (pt)
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  • Foundationalism (en)
  • Fundamentalismi (tietoteoria) (fi)
  • 基礎付け主義 (ja)
  • Fundacionalismo (pt)
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