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- Bei den Fünf berühmten Brennöfen der Song-Dynastie (chinesisch 宋代五大名窑, Pinyin Sòngdài wǔ dà míng yáo, englisch Five Famous Kilns in Song Dynasty) bzw. kurz Fünf berühmten Brennöfen (五大名窑, wǔ dà míng yáo, englisch Five Famous Kilns) handelt es sich um einen Oberbegriff für die folgenden alten chinesischen Keramik-Brennöfen aus der Zeit der Song-Dynastie (960–1279):
* Ru-Brennofen
* Jun-Brennofen
*
* Ding-Brennofen
* Ge-Brennofen (de)
- The Five Great Kilns (Chinese: 五大名窯; pinyin: Wǔ dàmíng yáo), also known as Five Famous Kilns, is a generic term for ceramic kilns or wares (in Chinese 窯 yáo can mean either) which produced Chinese ceramics during the Song dynasty (960–1279) that were later held in particularly high esteem. The group were only so called by much later writers, and of the five, only two (Ru and Guan) seem to have produced wares directly ordered by the Imperial court, though all can be of very high quality. All were imitated later, often with considerable success. All except Ding ware used celadon glazes, and in Western terms the celadon kilns are stoneware, as opposed to the Ding early porcelain. The celadons placed great emphasis on elegant forms and their ceramic glazes, and were otherwise lightly decorated, with no painting. The five kilns produced respectively:
* Ru ware (汝)
* Jun ware (钧)
* Guan ware (官)
* Ding ware (定)
* Ge ware (哥) (en)
- 中国五大名窑，也称宋代（北宋）五大名窑，是指中國宋朝建立的五个燒製瓷器的窑口。它们分别是：
* 汝窑：主要产青瓷，有“雨过天青云破处”的美誉。语出周世宗柴榮。
* 官窑：分南北。北在汴京，南在杭州凤凰山下。
* 哥窑：哥窑瓷土脉微紫，质薄，有油灰色、米色、粉青色三种瓷釉彩，表面满裂纹。此窯和弟窑是章氏兄弟兩人所建。
* 定窑：窑址在河北曲阳涧磁村。始烧于晚唐、五代，盛烧于北宋，金、元。以出產白瓷著稱，色澤潔白，不太透明。
* 钧窑：利用铁、铜呈色的不同特点，出蓝中带红、紫斑或纯天青、纯月白等多种釉色，以蛋白石光泽的青色为基调，具有乳浊而不透明的效果。 但是应当指出的是，“五大名窑说”存在两个很大的问题： 一、评价宋代的所谓的“五大名窑说”在宋元时期并不存在，而是明代以後才出现。明代宣德年間，吕震在《宣徳鼎彛譜》中首次提出此說：「內庫所藏柴、汝、官、哥、均、定各窯器皿，款式典雅者，寫圖進呈。」到了萬曆年間，張應文在《清秘藏》中又提及此說：「論窯器，必曰柴、汝、官、哥、定。」民國許之衡《飲流齋說瓷》中說：「宋最有名之窯有五所，謂柴、汝、官、哥、定是也。更有均窯亦甚可貴。」然而柴窯至今尚未發現窯址，又無確切實物，因此通常將鈞窯列入，與汝窯、官窯、哥窯、定窯並稱為宋代五大名窯。 二、从目前的考古资料来看宋代的“官哥”和“官钧”存在很大的疑问。哥窑不见于宋人记载，元人孔齐《至正直记》有“哥哥洞窑”、“哥哥窑”的记载，明初曹昭《格古要论》中才首次提到“哥窑”一词。故宫资深专家杨静荣先生在《宋代陶瓷研究随笔》一文中认为：“宋代哥窑根本就不存在，北宋官窑的窑址就在开封附近，它的真实面貌应该包括我们过去认为的哥窑产品”。“官钧”也不见于宋元记载，基于考古资料新研究，“官钧”器物出现的时间不是在宋代而是明代。 验证一个是否为名窑应当具备清晰的脉络传承、严密的考古发掘、可靠的文献记载等条件，五大名窑说很大程度上是明清以来古玩收藏界讹传的错误说法，著名古陶瓷专家冯先铭先生1982年主编《中国陶瓷史》时已弃用“五大名窑”这一说法，使用六大瓷窑体系的方法对宋代瓷窑进行归纳，之后陆续有学者提出使用宋代“七大窑系”或“八大窑系”等概念对宋瓷进行归纳。 (zh)
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- Bei den Fünf berühmten Brennöfen der Song-Dynastie (chinesisch 宋代五大名窑, Pinyin Sòngdài wǔ dà míng yáo, englisch Five Famous Kilns in Song Dynasty) bzw. kurz Fünf berühmten Brennöfen (五大名窑, wǔ dà míng yáo, englisch Five Famous Kilns) handelt es sich um einen Oberbegriff für die folgenden alten chinesischen Keramik-Brennöfen aus der Zeit der Song-Dynastie (960–1279):
* Ru-Brennofen
* Jun-Brennofen
*
* Ding-Brennofen
* Ge-Brennofen (de)
- The Five Great Kilns (Chinese: 五大名窯; pinyin: Wǔ dàmíng yáo), also known as Five Famous Kilns, is a generic term for ceramic kilns or wares (in Chinese 窯 yáo can mean either) which produced Chinese ceramics during the Song dynasty (960–1279) that were later held in particularly high esteem. The group were only so called by much later writers, and of the five, only two (Ru and Guan) seem to have produced wares directly ordered by the Imperial court, though all can be of very high quality. All were imitated later, often with considerable success. The five kilns produced respectively: (en)
- 中国五大名窑，也称宋代（北宋）五大名窑，是指中國宋朝建立的五个燒製瓷器的窑口。它们分别是：
* 汝窑：主要产青瓷，有“雨过天青云破处”的美誉。语出周世宗柴榮。
* 官窑：分南北。北在汴京，南在杭州凤凰山下。
* 哥窑：哥窑瓷土脉微紫，质薄，有油灰色、米色、粉青色三种瓷釉彩，表面满裂纹。此窯和弟窑是章氏兄弟兩人所建。
* 定窑：窑址在河北曲阳涧磁村。始烧于晚唐、五代，盛烧于北宋，金、元。以出產白瓷著稱，色澤潔白，不太透明。
* 钧窑：利用铁、铜呈色的不同特点，出蓝中带红、紫斑或纯天青、纯月白等多种釉色，以蛋白石光泽的青色为基调，具有乳浊而不透明的效果。 但是应当指出的是，“五大名窑说”存在两个很大的问题： 一、评价宋代的所谓的“五大名窑说”在宋元时期并不存在，而是明代以後才出现。明代宣德年間，吕震在《宣徳鼎彛譜》中首次提出此說：「內庫所藏柴、汝、官、哥、均、定各窯器皿，款式典雅者，寫圖進呈。」到了萬曆年間，張應文在《清秘藏》中又提及此說：「論窯器，必曰柴、汝、官、哥、定。」民國許之衡《飲流齋說瓷》中說：「宋最有名之窯有五所，謂柴、汝、官、哥、定是也。更有均窯亦甚可貴。」然而柴窯至今尚未發現窯址，又無確切實物，因此通常將鈞窯列入，與汝窯、官窯、哥窯、定窯並稱為宋代五大名窯。 (zh)
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- Fünf berühmte Brennöfen der Song-Dynastie (de)
- Five Great Kilns (en)
- 中国五大名窑 (zh)
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