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- Fisheries-induced evolution (FIE) is the microevolution of an exploited aquatic organism's population, brought on through the artificial selection for biological traits by fishing practices (fishing techniques and fisheries management). Fishing, of any severity or effort, will impose an additional layer of mortality to the natural population equilibrium and will be selective to certain genetic traits within that organism's gene pool. This removal of selected traits fundamentally changes the population gene frequency, resulting in the artificially induced microevolution by the proxy of the survival of untargeted fish and their propagation of heritable biological characteristics. This artificial selection often counters natural life-history pattern for many species, such as causing early sexual maturation, diminished sizes for matured fish, and reduced fecundity in the form of smaller egg size, lower sperm counts and viability during reproductive events. These effects can have prolonged effects on the adaptability or fitness of the species to their environmental factors. Fisheries-induced evolution differs from the Darwinian evolution model by virtue of the direct human factor. For FIE, fishing enforces a greater selection pressure for traits, often through sheer effort and catch numbers, which can disparage natural selection pressures such as predator-prey interactions and environmental influences. (en)
- Les impacts évolutifs de la pêche sont les divers effets évolutifs (changements de certains traits de l'espèce face aux pressions de pêche). Ces conséquences sont essentiellement le fait d'une pêche sélective par la taille, le rapport bénéfice/effort de pêche étant plus intéressant lorsqu'on capture de gros individus. De plus, les directives actuelles de pêche sont basées sur l'idée d'épargner les juvéniles en ne pêchant que les individus d'une certaine taille, afin d'éviter de forts impacts sur la population. La pêche des individus les plus gros a, contrairement à cette idée, beaucoup d'effets négatifs sur les populations exploitées. (fr)
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- Les impacts évolutifs de la pêche sont les divers effets évolutifs (changements de certains traits de l'espèce face aux pressions de pêche). Ces conséquences sont essentiellement le fait d'une pêche sélective par la taille, le rapport bénéfice/effort de pêche étant plus intéressant lorsqu'on capture de gros individus. De plus, les directives actuelles de pêche sont basées sur l'idée d'épargner les juvéniles en ne pêchant que les individus d'une certaine taille, afin d'éviter de forts impacts sur la population. La pêche des individus les plus gros a, contrairement à cette idée, beaucoup d'effets négatifs sur les populations exploitées. (fr)
- Fisheries-induced evolution (FIE) is the microevolution of an exploited aquatic organism's population, brought on through the artificial selection for biological traits by fishing practices (fishing techniques and fisheries management). Fishing, of any severity or effort, will impose an additional layer of mortality to the natural population equilibrium and will be selective to certain genetic traits within that organism's gene pool. This removal of selected traits fundamentally changes the population gene frequency, resulting in the artificially induced microevolution by the proxy of the survival of untargeted fish and their propagation of heritable biological characteristics. This artificial selection often counters natural life-history pattern for many species, such as causing early sex (en)
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- Fisheries-induced evolution (en)
- Impact évolutif de la pêche (fr)
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