Euthymenes (early sixth century BCE) was a Greek explorer from Massilia, who explored the coast of West Africa as far, apparently, as a great river, of which the outflow made the sea at its mouth fresh or brackish. His published accounts are not known but seem to have been known, at least at secondhand, by Plutarch, who writes "Euthymenes the Massilian concludes that the Nile is filled by Oceanus and that sea which is outward from it, the latter being naturally sweet." Euthymenes thought that this river was the Nile, but the river in question may have been the Senegal.

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  • Euthymenes (early sixth century BCE) was a Greek explorer from Massilia, who explored the coast of West Africa as far, apparently, as a great river, of which the outflow made the sea at its mouth fresh or brackish. His published accounts are not known but seem to have been known, at least at secondhand, by Plutarch, who writes "Euthymenes the Massilian concludes that the Nile is filled by Oceanus and that sea which is outward from it, the latter being naturally sweet." Euthymenes thought that this river was the Nile, but the river in question may have been the Senegal. Seneca the Younger also knew Euthymenes' account, which he reported in Quaestiones naturales and refuted, for various reasons: "Euthymenes of Massilia says by way of testimony, 'I have navigated' says he, 'the Atlantic sea. Now, the Nile flows, greatly, as long as the Etesian Winds endure; for the sea is constantly thrown back by the constant winds; as soon as they have abated and the sea becomes calm, the Nile descends with less force. For the rest, the seawater is fresh to the taste and has wildlife similar to that of the Nile" The statue of Euthymenes is featured on the façade of the Marseille bourse. (en)
  • Euthymenes von Massilia war ein griechischer Seefahrer und Entdecker des 6. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. sowie Autor eines nur fragmentarisch erhaltenen Periplus. Euthymenes segelte entlang der Westküste Afrikas bis zur Mündung eines großen Flusses, womöglich des Senegals, sowie eines „süßen Meeres“. Aufgrund der vorgefundenen Fauna schloss er, dass es sich um den Oberlauf des Nils handeln müsse. Seine Theorien sind u.a. bei Herodot zu finden. (de)
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  • Euthymenes (early sixth century BCE) was a Greek explorer from Massilia, who explored the coast of West Africa as far, apparently, as a great river, of which the outflow made the sea at its mouth fresh or brackish. His published accounts are not known but seem to have been known, at least at secondhand, by Plutarch, who writes "Euthymenes the Massilian concludes that the Nile is filled by Oceanus and that sea which is outward from it, the latter being naturally sweet." Euthymenes thought that this river was the Nile, but the river in question may have been the Senegal. (en)
  • Euthymenes von Massilia war ein griechischer Seefahrer und Entdecker des 6. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. sowie Autor eines nur fragmentarisch erhaltenen Periplus. (de)
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  • Euthymenes (en)
  • Euthymènes (fr)
  • Euthymenes (de)
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