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- Mit dem Untergang des Mamlukenreichs in Ägypten und Syrien kam auch der Libanon 1517 unter die Herrschaft der Osmanen, behielt allerdings als Emirat einen halbautonomen Status. (de)
- إمارة جبل لبنان هو الاسم الذي أطلقه المؤرخون على جبل لبنان خلال العقد الثاني من القرن السابع عشر، في عهد تاسع سلاطين الدولة العثمانية؛ السلطان الغازي سليم الأول القاطع. وكانوا قد أطلقوا عليه أسماء متعددة غيره: إمارة الشوف، إمارة جبل الدروز، وإمارة معان. تأسَّست الإِِمارة في عام 1516، على يد الأمير فخر الدين المعني الأول، وكان قد اتخذ بعقلين عاصمةً لحُكمِه، ومَقرًّا لِسَكَنِه، إلا أن شح المياه فيها جعله ينتقل منها؛ لِيختار الإقامة في دير القمر. وظلت ديرُ القمرِ عاصمةً للحُكم إلى أن صَعِد بشير الثاني الشهابي على العرش؛ ليجعل بيت الدين قاعدة لإمارته. (ar)
- The Emirate of Mount Lebanon (Arabic: إِمَارَة جَبَل لُبْنَان) was a part of Mount Lebanon that enjoyed variable degrees of partial autonomy under the stable suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire between the mid-16th and the early-19th century. The town of Baakleen was the seat of local power during the Ma'an period until Fakhr-al-Din II chose to live in Deir el Qamar due to a water shortage in Baakleen. Deir el Qamar remained the seat until Bashir Shihab II ascended to the throne and moved its court to the Beiteddine palace. Beiteddine remains the capital of the Chouf District today. Fakhr-al-Din II, the most prominent Druze tribal leader at the end of the 16th century, was given leeway by the Ottomans to subdue other provincial leaderships in Ottoman Syria on their behalf, and was himself subdued in the end, to make way for a firmer control by the Ottoman central administration over the Syrian eyalets.In Lebanese nationalist narratives, he is celebrated as establishing a sort of Druzes–Maronite condominium that is often portrayed as the embryo of Lebanese statehood and national identity. Historians and intellectuals such as Salibi and Beydoun have questioned many of these assumptions, suggesting a more balanced and less ideological approach to this period. The Maan and Shihab government of different parts of Mount Lebanon, between 1667 and 1841, was an Ottoman iltizam, or tax farm, rather than a dynastic principality, and the multazims were never reigning princes. The relations between the Porte and the Shihab emirs revolved around the payment of taxes, and the official legitimation of their position as multazims. Such was the precariousness of their position that over the more than three centuries of the two dynasties (1516–1840) only two significantly strong leaders emerged, Fakhr-Al-Din I (1516–1544) and his grandson Fakhr al-Din II (1591–1635). Bashir Shihab II (1788–1840) was also an important prince but he was viewed as a tyrant at the period rather than a leader. That led to the 1840 revolution against Bashir and his Egyptian allies. Although Lebanese nationalist historiographies tended to portray the Emirate as a sort of historical precursor of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate established in 1861, later historians and intellectuals such as Kamal Salibi and Ahmad Beydoun have shed light on the inconsistencies of nationalist narratives, and explained how the devolution of functions to local rulers was nothing exceptional in the framework of indirect administration in Ottoman Syria. Partisan narratives gave different names to this entity (including "Shuf Emirate", "Emirate of Jabal Druze", "Emirate of Mount Lebanon", as well as "Ma'an Emirate"), whose boundaries were not well defined, mostly because of its rather vague juridical and administrative status. (en)
- L’émirat du Mont-Liban est le nom attribué à une séquence de l'histoire du mont Liban et de ses périphéries, constitués en une entité politique relativement autonome de l'Empire ottoman et aux frontières changeantes. L'émirat n'a jamais formé une province ottomane au sens propre du terme, puisqu'il est partagé entre les pachaliks de Damas, de Tripoli puis également de Saïda. Il se caractérise cependant par une administration ottomane indirecte qui s'y exerce via le pouvoir de familles locales ainsi que par une symbiose des deux principales communautés du Mont-Liban, les druzes et les maronites. Formé à partir du XVIe siècle, gouverné par la dynastie des (en), puis des Chehab, l’émirat disparaît vers la fin du XIXe siècle peu après la fin du règne de l’émir Bachir Chehab II. Il en émergera successivement deux entités politiques ottomanes, le double Caïmacanat et la Mutassarifiyya, elles-mêmes à la base de la création du Liban moderne, d'abord sous mandat français (Grand Liban), puis république indépendante à partir de 1943. (fr)
- L'Emirato del Monte Libano (in arabo: إمارة جبل لبنان) fu una parte del Monte Libano che godeva di gradi variabili di parziale autonomia sotto la stabile sovranità dell'Impero ottomano tra la metà del XVI e l'inizio del XIX secolo. Sebbene le storiografie nazionaliste libanesi tendessero a ritrarre l'Emirato come una sorta di precursore storico del Mutasarrifato di Monte Libano fondato nel 1861, gli storici e gli intellettuali successivi come Kamal Salibi e Ahmad Beydoun hanno fatto luce sulle incongruenze delle narrazioni nazionaliste e spiegato come la devoluzione delle funzioni ai governanti locali non era niente di eccezionale nel quadro dell'amministrazione indiretta nella Siria ottomana. Le narrazioni partigiane hanno dato nomi diversi a questa entità (tra cui "Emirato di Shuf", "Emirato del Jabal druso", "Emirato del Monte Libano", nonché "Emirato di Ma'an"), i cui confini non erano ben definiti, principalmente a causa del suo status giuridico e amministrativo piuttosto vago. La città di Baakline era la sede del potere locale durante il periodo Ma'an fino a quando Fakhr-al-Din II scelse di vivere a Deir el Qamar a causa della mancanza d'acqua a Baakline. Deir el Qamar rimase la sede fino a quando Bashir Shihab II salì al trono e trasferì la sua corte al palazzo Beiteddine. Beiteddine rimane oggi la capitale del distretto dello Sfuf. A Fakhr-al-Din II, il più importante leader tribale druso alla fine del XVI secolo, fu concesso dagli ottomani di sottomettere altre capi provinciali nella Siria ottomana per loro conto, ma alla fine fu egli stesso sottomesso per un controllo più saldo da parte dell'amministrazione centrale ottomana sugli eyalet siriani. Nelle narrazioni nazionaliste libanesi, è celebrato come l'istituzione di una sorta di condominio druso-maronita che è spesso ritratto come l'embrione dello stato e dell'identità nazionale libanese. Storici e intellettuali come Salibi e Beydoun hanno messo in dubbio molti di questi presupposti, suggerendo un approccio più equilibrato e meno ideologico a questo periodo. Il governo Maan e Shihab di diverse parti del Monte Libano, tra il 1667 e il 1841, era un iltizam ottomano, piuttosto che un principato dinastico, e i multazim non furono mai principi regnanti. Le relazioni tra la Porta e gli emiri Shihab ruotavano attorno al pagamento delle tasse e alla legittimazione ufficiale della loro posizione di multazim. Tale fu la precarietà della loro posizione che nel corso degli oltre tre secoli delle due dinastie (1516-1840) emersero solo due leader significativamente forti, Fakhr-Al-Din I (1516-1544) e suo nipote Fakhr al-Din II (1591–1635). Anche Bashir Shihab II (1788-1840) fu un importante principe, ma all'epoca era considerato un tiranno piuttosto che un capo. Ciò portò alla rivoluzione del 1840 contro Bashir e i suoi alleati egiziani. (it)
- Эмира́т Горный Ливан — эмират, существовавший в горных районах южной части современного Ливана в период с 1516 по 1840 год. (ru)
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- إِمَارَة جَبَل لُبْنَان (Arabic) (en)
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- 28291 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- Mount Lebanon Emirate (en)
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- Emirate of Mount Lebanon (en)
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- Domains of Fakhr al-Din in Ottoman Syria, at Zenith.png (en)
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- the Mount Lebanon Emirate (en)
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- The Mount Lebanon Emirate at its greatest extent under Fakhr al-Din II, circa 1630 (en)
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- إِمَارَة جَبَل لُبْنَان (en)
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- Mamluk Sultanate Mamluk Sultanate (en)
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- Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon (en)
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- Vassal of the Ottoman Empire (en)
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- Mit dem Untergang des Mamlukenreichs in Ägypten und Syrien kam auch der Libanon 1517 unter die Herrschaft der Osmanen, behielt allerdings als Emirat einen halbautonomen Status. (de)
- إمارة جبل لبنان هو الاسم الذي أطلقه المؤرخون على جبل لبنان خلال العقد الثاني من القرن السابع عشر، في عهد تاسع سلاطين الدولة العثمانية؛ السلطان الغازي سليم الأول القاطع. وكانوا قد أطلقوا عليه أسماء متعددة غيره: إمارة الشوف، إمارة جبل الدروز، وإمارة معان. تأسَّست الإِِمارة في عام 1516، على يد الأمير فخر الدين المعني الأول، وكان قد اتخذ بعقلين عاصمةً لحُكمِه، ومَقرًّا لِسَكَنِه، إلا أن شح المياه فيها جعله ينتقل منها؛ لِيختار الإقامة في دير القمر. وظلت ديرُ القمرِ عاصمةً للحُكم إلى أن صَعِد بشير الثاني الشهابي على العرش؛ ليجعل بيت الدين قاعدة لإمارته. (ar)
- Эмира́т Горный Ливан — эмират, существовавший в горных районах южной части современного Ливана в период с 1516 по 1840 год. (ru)
- The Emirate of Mount Lebanon (Arabic: إِمَارَة جَبَل لُبْنَان) was a part of Mount Lebanon that enjoyed variable degrees of partial autonomy under the stable suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire between the mid-16th and the early-19th century. The town of Baakleen was the seat of local power during the Ma'an period until Fakhr-al-Din II chose to live in Deir el Qamar due to a water shortage in Baakleen. Deir el Qamar remained the seat until Bashir Shihab II ascended to the throne and moved its court to the Beiteddine palace. Beiteddine remains the capital of the Chouf District today. (en)
- L’émirat du Mont-Liban est le nom attribué à une séquence de l'histoire du mont Liban et de ses périphéries, constitués en une entité politique relativement autonome de l'Empire ottoman et aux frontières changeantes. L'émirat n'a jamais formé une province ottomane au sens propre du terme, puisqu'il est partagé entre les pachaliks de Damas, de Tripoli puis également de Saïda. Il se caractérise cependant par une administration ottomane indirecte qui s'y exerce via le pouvoir de familles locales ainsi que par une symbiose des deux principales communautés du Mont-Liban, les druzes et les maronites. (fr)
- L'Emirato del Monte Libano (in arabo: إمارة جبل لبنان) fu una parte del Monte Libano che godeva di gradi variabili di parziale autonomia sotto la stabile sovranità dell'Impero ottomano tra la metà del XVI e l'inizio del XIX secolo. Le narrazioni partigiane hanno dato nomi diversi a questa entità (tra cui "Emirato di Shuf", "Emirato del Jabal druso", "Emirato del Monte Libano", nonché "Emirato di Ma'an"), i cui confini non erano ben definiti, principalmente a causa del suo status giuridico e amministrativo piuttosto vago. (it)
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| rdfs:label
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- Mount Lebanon Emirate (en)
- إمارة جبل لبنان (ar)
- Emirat Libanonberg (de)
- Emirato di Monte Libano (it)
- Émirat du Mont-Liban (fr)
- Горный Ливан (эмират) (ru)
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- Mount Lebanon Emirate (en)
- Emirate of Mount Lebanon (en)
- the Mount Lebanon Emirate (en)
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