About: Eison

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Eison (叡尊) (1201–1290) was a Japanese Buddhist monk who founded the Shingon Risshu sect. Eison entered religious training when he was eleven years old, studying initially at Daigo-ji and later at Kongōbu-ji. At the age of 34, while at Saidai-ji, he made the decision to become a fully ordained monk. However, since the process of ordination in Shingon Buddhism had been lost by this point in time, Eison decided to self-ordain, and along with three companions performed his own ordination ceremony at Tōdai-ji in 1236.

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  • Eison (叡尊) (1201–1290) was a Japanese Buddhist monk who founded the Shingon Risshu sect. Eison entered religious training when he was eleven years old, studying initially at Daigo-ji and later at Kongōbu-ji. At the age of 34, while at Saidai-ji, he made the decision to become a fully ordained monk. However, since the process of ordination in Shingon Buddhism had been lost by this point in time, Eison decided to self-ordain, and along with three companions performed his own ordination ceremony at Tōdai-ji in 1236. After spending some years as a travelling priest, Eison returned to Saidai-ji and founded the Shingon Risshu sect. Saidai-ji prospered under his governance, receiving increased donations and revenue despite Eison's vows of poverty. In later years, Eison also accepted donations of land from the Retired Emperor Kameyama. These generous donations may have been the result of Eison's response to the Mongol invasions of Japan, in which he performed esoteric rituals to repel the invaders. In honour of this, his disciples commissioned one of the earliest examples of a juzo (portrait of a living monk), sculpted in wood. In 1273, 1275 and 1280, despite his advancing years, Eison made pilgrimages to the Ise Grand Shrine, where he presented copies of the Daihannya-kyo Sutra. After his death in 1290 he was given the posthumous title Kosho Bosatsu (興正菩薩). Eison is known as the founder of the Ōchamori tea rite, an unusual variation of the Japanese tea ceremony that uses over-sized tea utensils. The story goes that in the year 1281, Eison received an imperial order to conduct prayer rites for Japan's protection against the second attempted Mongolian invasion. Eison responded with rituals inciting Aizen Myōō to intervene and disperse the Mongolian invaders to foreign lands. By good fortune, the invading ships capsized and Japan avoided calamity. Following this event, on the final and sixteenth day of the New Year's Mishihō ritual for the protection of emperor and state, Eison proceeded to the Hachiman Shrine on the grounds of Saidai-ji to perform a Hōsan rite of thanks for having been protected from potential harm. Just as Eison concluded the ritual, powdery white snow fell from the sky, transforming the scene into one of breathtaking beauty. Seen as an omen, Eison made a tea offering at the front of the shrine as a display of reverence. After the tea was dedicated to the deity, it was offered to the crowd gathered before the shrine. Due to the large numbers, Eison used a huge tea bowl to distribute the tea to all present. This is the origin of Saidai-ji's Ōchamori tea rite. (en)
  • Eison (叡尊) (1201-1290) était un moine bouddhiste japonais; il est le fondateur de la secte Shingon Risshu Eison a commencé sa formation religieuse quand il avait onze ans; il étudie d'abord au temple Daigo-ji, ensuite au Kongōbu-ji. À l'âge de 34 ans, alors qu'il est au Saidai-ji, il prend la décision de devenir moine. Cependant, comme le rituel d'ordination était perdu à ce moment-là dans le Bouddhisme Shingon, Eison décide de se faire moine lui-même, et, avec trois compagnons, il effectue sa propre cérémonie d'ordination à Tōdai-ji en 1236. Après avoir vécu quelques années comme prêtre itinérant, Eison retourne à Saidai-ji et y fonde l'école Shingon Risshu. Saidai-ji prospère sous sa gouvernance, reçoit de plus en plus de dons, et ses revenus augmentent malgré les vœux de pauvreté d'Eison. Des années plus tard, Eison accepta aussi des dons fonciers de l'Empereur retiré Kameyama. Ces dons généreux sont peut-être la conséquence de la réaction d'Eison aux invasions mongoles du Japon: il avait accompli des rituels ésotériques pour repousser les envahisseurs. Pour honorer cette action, ses disciples ont commandé l'un des premiers exemples connus de juzo (le portrait d'un moine de son vivant), sculpté dans le bois. En 1273, 1275 et 1280, malgré son âge avancé, Eison fait des pèlerinages au Sanctuaire d'Ise, où il présente des copies de la Sutra Daihannya-kyo. Après sa mort en 1290, il reçoit le titre posthume de Kosho Bosatsu (興正菩薩). (fr)
  • 叡尊(えいそん、えいぞん、建仁元年〈1201年〉 - 正応3年8月25日〈1290年9月29日〉)は、鎌倉時代中期に活動した僧で、真言律宗を興した。字は思円(しえん)。諡号は興正菩薩(こうしょうぼさつ)。興福寺の学僧・の子で、大和国添上郡箕田里(現・奈良県大和郡山市内)の生まれ。鎌倉仏教を代表する一人で、廃れかけていた戒律を復興し、衰退していた勝宝山西大寺(南都西大寺)を再興したことで知られる。 (ja)
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  • 叡尊(えいそん、えいぞん、建仁元年〈1201年〉 - 正応3年8月25日〈1290年9月29日〉)は、鎌倉時代中期に活動した僧で、真言律宗を興した。字は思円(しえん)。諡号は興正菩薩(こうしょうぼさつ)。興福寺の学僧・の子で、大和国添上郡箕田里(現・奈良県大和郡山市内)の生まれ。鎌倉仏教を代表する一人で、廃れかけていた戒律を復興し、衰退していた勝宝山西大寺(南都西大寺)を再興したことで知られる。 (ja)
  • Eison (叡尊) (1201–1290) was a Japanese Buddhist monk who founded the Shingon Risshu sect. Eison entered religious training when he was eleven years old, studying initially at Daigo-ji and later at Kongōbu-ji. At the age of 34, while at Saidai-ji, he made the decision to become a fully ordained monk. However, since the process of ordination in Shingon Buddhism had been lost by this point in time, Eison decided to self-ordain, and along with three companions performed his own ordination ceremony at Tōdai-ji in 1236. (en)
  • Eison (叡尊) (1201-1290) était un moine bouddhiste japonais; il est le fondateur de la secte Shingon Risshu Eison a commencé sa formation religieuse quand il avait onze ans; il étudie d'abord au temple Daigo-ji, ensuite au Kongōbu-ji. À l'âge de 34 ans, alors qu'il est au Saidai-ji, il prend la décision de devenir moine. Cependant, comme le rituel d'ordination était perdu à ce moment-là dans le Bouddhisme Shingon, Eison décide de se faire moine lui-même, et, avec trois compagnons, il effectue sa propre cérémonie d'ordination à Tōdai-ji en 1236. (fr)
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  • Eison (en)
  • Eison (fr)
  • 叡尊 (ja)
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