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- The Eight Beauties of Qinhuai (Chinese: 秦淮八艳; pinyin: Qínhuái Bāyàn), also called the Eight Beauties of Jinling (Chinese: 金陵八艳), were eight famous courtesans during the Ming-Qing transition period who resided along the Qinhuai River in Nankin (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China). As well as possessing great beauty, they were all skilled in literature, poetry, fine arts, dancing and music. The name originates either from the 1693 book Banqiao Zaji (板橋雜記) by Yu Huai (余懷), or from the 19th century book Qinhuai Bayan Tuyong (秦淮八豔圖詠), in which authors Zhang Jingqi (張景祁) and Ye Yanlan (葉衍蘭) chose the eight most famous (in their view) courtesans of the period to be the subjects of the book. During the late Ming dynasty, elite courtesans challenged the gender stereotypes of Confucian values. In contrast to the women of the gentry, who were often discouraged from cultivating talent, lest it undermine their virtue as wives and mothers, the courtesans were educated in painting, poetry, and music. In addition, they owned property and participated in the public scene. Also known as The Elegant Eight of River Qinhuai and The Eight Great Courtesans of the Ming, the courtesans were Ma Xianglan (馬湘蘭), Bian Yujing (卞玉京), Li Xiangjun (李香君), Liu Rushi (柳如是), Dong Xiaowan (董小宛), Gu Hengbo (顧橫波), Kou Baimen (寇白門) and Chen Yuanyuan (陳圓圓). (en)
- 秦淮八艳又称金陵八艳，是明末清初在南京秦淮河畔八位色艺才气俱佳名妓的合称。即馬湘蘭、卞玉京、李香君、柳如是、董小宛、顧橫波、寇白門、陳圓圓。 明末時南京舊院名妓輩出，盛極一時。當時許多文人在筆記小說和詩歌記錄了大量名妓的容貌和風采。譬如萬曆年間出版的《金陵百媚》品題當時秦淮河諸妓並排定名次；錢謙益與愛妾柳如是作詩無數互相唱和，也為寇白門、顧橫波、董小宛等名妓作詩、為文記錄；張岱在《陶庵夢憶》中有〈王月生〉條；余怀的《板桥杂记》中記載了顾横波、董小宛、卞玉京、李香君、寇白门、马湘兰等十數位名妓的生平、個性與才藝；冒襄《影梅庵憶語》詳述其與董小宛相識、結縭以至小宛病歿的過程。 当前版本的秦淮八艳出自張景祁在光緒十八年（1892年）編纂出版的《秦淮八艷圖》中，此八人為馬湘蘭、卞玉京、李香君、柳如是、董青蓮（董小宛）、顧橫波、寇白門和陳圓圓。當中柳如是出身吳江，董小宛和陳圓圓主要在蘇州發展，此三人與秦淮河關係不深，但仍因其美貌及傳奇性而入選。 (zh)
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- 秦淮八艳又称金陵八艳，是明末清初在南京秦淮河畔八位色艺才气俱佳名妓的合称。即馬湘蘭、卞玉京、李香君、柳如是、董小宛、顧橫波、寇白門、陳圓圓。 明末時南京舊院名妓輩出，盛極一時。當時許多文人在筆記小說和詩歌記錄了大量名妓的容貌和風采。譬如萬曆年間出版的《金陵百媚》品題當時秦淮河諸妓並排定名次；錢謙益與愛妾柳如是作詩無數互相唱和，也為寇白門、顧橫波、董小宛等名妓作詩、為文記錄；張岱在《陶庵夢憶》中有〈王月生〉條；余怀的《板桥杂记》中記載了顾横波、董小宛、卞玉京、李香君、寇白门、马湘兰等十數位名妓的生平、個性與才藝；冒襄《影梅庵憶語》詳述其與董小宛相識、結縭以至小宛病歿的過程。 当前版本的秦淮八艳出自張景祁在光緒十八年（1892年）編纂出版的《秦淮八艷圖》中，此八人為馬湘蘭、卞玉京、李香君、柳如是、董青蓮（董小宛）、顧橫波、寇白門和陳圓圓。當中柳如是出身吳江，董小宛和陳圓圓主要在蘇州發展，此三人與秦淮河關係不深，但仍因其美貌及傳奇性而入選。 (zh)
- The Eight Beauties of Qinhuai (Chinese: 秦淮八艳; pinyin: Qínhuái Bāyàn), also called the Eight Beauties of Jinling (Chinese: 金陵八艳), were eight famous courtesans during the Ming-Qing transition period who resided along the Qinhuai River in Nankin (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China). As well as possessing great beauty, they were all skilled in literature, poetry, fine arts, dancing and music. (en)
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