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According to The Economist Group's Democracy Index 2020 study, Israel is the only democratic country (qualified as a "flawed democracy", ranked #28 worldwide) in the Middle East, while Tunisia (#53 worldwide) is the only democracy (also "flawed democracy") in North Africa. The level of democracy in nations throughout the world published by Freedom House, a U.S.-based, U.S. government-funded advocacy organization, and in various other freedom indices, report the Middle Eastern and North African countries with the highest scores are Israel, Tunisia, Turkey, Lebanon, Morocco, Jordan and Kuwait. Countries that have been consistently labelled as 'not free' by Freedom House (2017-2021) have been Iran, Iraq and Egypt. They have been increasingly becoming more and more adverse to the idea of liber

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  • الدمقراطية في الشرق الأوسط وشمال افريقيا إن مقياس مستوى الديمقراطية في دول العالم تنشرته فريدم هاوس ومنظمات أخرى غير حكومية، دول الشرق الأوسط التي سجلت أعلى الدرجات هي إسرائيل وتونس وتركيا ولبنان والمغرب والكويت. البلدان التي تصنف أحيانا بأنها ديمقراطية جزئيا هي مصر والعراق. بينما تصنف بقية دول الشرق الأوسط على أنها استبدادية، حيث تسجل السعودية واليمن أدنى الدرجات. يصنف فريدم هاوس إسرائيل وتونس على أنها «حرة»، ولبنان وتركيا والكويت والمغرب «حرة جزيئاً»، بينما بقيت الدول «غير حرة». أحداث ما يسمى «الربيع العربي» مثل الثورة التونسية قد يشير إلى تحرك نحو الديمقراطية في بعض البلدان التي قد لا يتم ذكرها تماماً في مؤشر الديمقراطية. أصبحت تونس في عام 2015 أول دولة عربية تصنف على أنها حرة منذ بدء الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية قبل 40 سنة. تتعدد النظريات حول هذا الموضوع، النظريات المدروسة تجادل بأن الديمقراطية تتعارض قليلا مع قيم الشرق الأوسط. من ناحية أخرى، فإن نظريات «ما بعد الاستعمار» (مثل تلك التي طرحها إدوارد سعيد) للغياب النسبي للديمقراطية الليبرالية في الشرق الأوسط تتنوع من التاريخ الطويل للحكم الإمبريالي من قبل الإمبراطورية العثمانية وبريطانيا وفرنسا والتدخل السياسي والعسكري المعاصر من جانب الولايات المتحدة، وكلها كانت مسؤولة عن تفضيل الأنظمة الاستبدادية لأن هذا يبسط بيئة الأعمال، وفي نفس الوقت يثري النخبة الحاكمة وشركات الدول الإمبراطورية. التفسيرات الأخرى تقول أن المشكلة كون دول المنطقة أغلبها دولة ريعية، تعاني من نظرية لعنة الموارد. (ar)
  • According to The Economist Group's Democracy Index 2020 study, Israel is the only democratic country (qualified as a "flawed democracy", ranked #28 worldwide) in the Middle East, while Tunisia (#53 worldwide) is the only democracy (also "flawed democracy") in North Africa. The level of democracy in nations throughout the world published by Freedom House, a U.S.-based, U.S. government-funded advocacy organization, and in various other freedom indices, report the Middle Eastern and North African countries with the highest scores are Israel, Tunisia, Turkey, Lebanon, Morocco, Jordan and Kuwait. Countries that have been consistently labelled as 'not free' by Freedom House (2017-2021) have been Iran, Iraq and Egypt. They have been increasingly becoming more and more adverse to the idea of liberal democracy with their scores steadily decreasing, only Iraq out of these countries have maintained some level of internet freedom with a (partly free) score of 41/100. The remaining countries of the Middle East are categorised as authoritarian regimes, with the lowest scores held by Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Freedom House categories Israel and Tunisia as "Free". As a result, Tunisia is the only country in North Africa classified as "Free" by the Freedom House organization. Lebanon, Kuwait and Morocco "Partly Free", and the remaining states as "Not Free" (including Western Sahara, which is largely controlled by Morocco). Events of the "Arab Spring" such as the Tunisian Revolution may indicate a move towards democracy in some countries which may not be fully captured in the democracy index. In 2015, Tunisia became the first Arab country classified as free since the beginning of Lebanon's civil war 40 years ago. Theories are diverse on the subject. "Revisionist theories" argue that democracy is slightly incompatible with Middle Eastern values. On the other hand, "post-colonial" theories (such as those put forth by Edward Said) for the relative absence of liberal democracy in the Middle East are diverse, from the long history of imperial rule by the Ottoman Empire, United Kingdom and France and the contemporary political and military intervention by the United States, all of which have been blamed for preferring authoritarian regimes because this ostensibly simplifies the business environment, while enriching the governing elite and the companies of the imperial countries. Other explanations include the problem that most of the states in the region are rentier states, which experience the theorised resource curse. This article follows sources that place Cyprus in Europe, not the Middle East. (en)
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  • الدمقراطية في الشرق الأوسط وشمال افريقيا إن مقياس مستوى الديمقراطية في دول العالم تنشرته فريدم هاوس ومنظمات أخرى غير حكومية، دول الشرق الأوسط التي سجلت أعلى الدرجات هي إسرائيل وتونس وتركيا ولبنان والمغرب والكويت. البلدان التي تصنف أحيانا بأنها ديمقراطية جزئيا هي مصر والعراق. بينما تصنف بقية دول الشرق الأوسط على أنها استبدادية، حيث تسجل السعودية واليمن أدنى الدرجات. (ar)
  • According to The Economist Group's Democracy Index 2020 study, Israel is the only democratic country (qualified as a "flawed democracy", ranked #28 worldwide) in the Middle East, while Tunisia (#53 worldwide) is the only democracy (also "flawed democracy") in North Africa. The level of democracy in nations throughout the world published by Freedom House, a U.S.-based, U.S. government-funded advocacy organization, and in various other freedom indices, report the Middle Eastern and North African countries with the highest scores are Israel, Tunisia, Turkey, Lebanon, Morocco, Jordan and Kuwait. Countries that have been consistently labelled as 'not free' by Freedom House (2017-2021) have been Iran, Iraq and Egypt. They have been increasingly becoming more and more adverse to the idea of liber (en)
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  • الديمقراطية في الشرق الأوسط (ar)
  • Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa (en)
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