| dbo:abstract
|
- ديفيد تيرنبول (بالإنجليزية: David Turnbull) (و. 1915 – 2007 م) هو كيميائي، وفيزيائي، ومهندس، وخبير بالمعادن، وعالم مواد ، وأستاذ جامعي من الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية . ولد في كيواني . وكان عضواً في الأكاديمية الوطنية للعلوم، والأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والعلوم .توفي في كامبريدج (ماساتشوستس) ، عن عمر يناهز 92 عاماً. (ar)
- David Turnbull (* 18. Februar 1915 in der Nähe von Kewanee in Illinois, USA; † 28. April 2007 in Cambridge in Massachusetts, USA) war ein amerikanischer Physiker und Materialwissenschaftler. Er ist bekannt für seine wegweisenden Arbeiten zur Kinetik von Phasenübergängen in Festkörpern, der Keimbildung in Schmelzen und dem Wachstum von Kristallen, der Diffusion in Metallen und der Glasbildung. (de)
- David Turnbull (February 18, 1915 – April 28, 2007) was an American physical chemist who worked in the interdisciplinary fields of materials science and applied physics. Turnbull made seminal contribution to solidification theory and glass formation. Turnbull was born in Elmira, Elmira Township, Stark County, Illinois. He graduated from high school in 1932 and then received a bachelor's degree in 1936 from Monmouth College (Illinois), specializing in physical chemistry. He received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry under T. E. Phipps from the University of Illinois in 1939. He was on the faculty of Case Institute of Technology from 1939 to 1946. In 1946, he joined the General Electric research laboratory, performing research into nucleation of structural transformations occurring during the solidification of liquid metals, demonstrating that such complex processes could be quantitatively understood. Using a low-melting-point metal, mercury, Turnbull determined that the small supercoolings usually seen were the result of heterogeneous catalysts in the melt. When liquid mercury is dispersed as small droplets, large supercoolings could be achieved. The previously empirical study of metal solidification was provided a consistent scientific foundation. Turnbull and his General Electric colleagues developed metal alloy processing. Turner and I. S. Servi developed homogeneous nucleation theory for a solid-solid transformation, providing the technologically important basis for strengthening metallic alloys through precipitation hardening. With Morrel Cohen, he developed the free volume theory for fluid flow. In 1950, Turnbull formulated a criterion for the ease of glass formation from supeercooled melts with a high viscosity by rapid solidification. Independently and simultaneously to Cohen, he predicted the formation of metallic glass phases from sufficiently fast cooling of an alloy melt with a deep eutectic. This was demonstrated by Pol Duwez at Caltech in 1959, who produced thin micron-sized sheets of an Au-Si alloy using a very high cooling rate (approximately 106 K/s). H. S. Chen showed in 1971 that mm-sized glassy rods (so-called "bulk metallic glass," or BMG) of Pd-Cu-Si could be produced by suction casting with a cooling rate of 1000 K/s. In 1982, Turnbull then demonstrated that a bulk metallic glass could be produced in the Pd-Ni-P system with a cooling rate as low as 100 K/s. In 1955, Turnbull and Frederick Seitz published the first edition of Solid State Physics, a yearly series now published by Elsevier. In 1962, Turnbull joined Harvard University as the Gordon McKay Professor of applied physics, where he taught for 23 years. One of his graduate students at Harvard described him as follows: "As a physicist, manager, psychologist and philosopher, he combines the erudition of a Renaissance scholar with the expert knowledge of a 20th century man of Science." He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1968, was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was awarded the Japan Prize in 1986 "for pioneering contributions to material science". He received the Franklin Medal in 1990. David Turnbull died on April 28, 2007, at the age of 92, in his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was survived by two sons and a daughter. (en)
- Дэвид Тернбулл (David Turnbull; 18 февраля 1915 г., Иллинойс — 28 апреля 2007 г., Кембридж, Массачусетс) — американский физикохимик и материаловед. Эмерит-профессор Гарвардского университета, член Национальной АН США (1968). Награждён медалью Франклина филадельфийского Института Франклина (1990), лауреат премии Японии (1986). Степень доктора философии по физической химии получил в 1939 году в Иллинойсском университете в Урбане-Шампейне (научный руководитель T. E. Фиппс (T.E. Phipps)). С 1939 года в штате Кейсовского технологического института. С 1946 года работал в исследовательской лаборатории «Дженерал электрик», также с 1954 года адъюнкт-профессор Политехнического института Ренсселера. С 1962 года в Гарвардском университете, многолетний именной профессор (Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics), эмерит с 1985 года. Член Американской академии искусств и наук (1968) и фелло Американского физического общества. Награды
* Acta Metallurgica Gold medal (1979)
* (1979)
* Премия Джеймса Макгруди за исследования в области новых материалов Американского физического общества (1983)
* AIME Hume-Rothery Award (1986)
* Премия Японии (1986)
* Медаль Франклина филадельфийского Института Франклина (1990) В 1992 году учредило ежегодные David Turnbull Lectureship. (ru)
- David Turnbull foi um físico estadunidense, especialista em ciência dos materiais. (pt)
|
| dbo:academicDiscipline
| |
| dbo:almaMater
| |
| dbo:award
| |
| dbo:birthDate
| |
| dbo:birthPlace
| |
| dbo:deathDate
| |
| dbo:deathPlace
| |
| dbo:thumbnail
| |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink
| |
| dbo:wikiPageID
| |
| dbo:wikiPageLength
|
- 7341 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
|
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID
| |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
| |
| dbp:almaMater
| |
| dbp:awards
| |
| dbp:birthDate
| |
| dbp:birthPlace
|
- Illinois, United States (en)
|
| dbp:deathDate
| |
| dbp:deathPlace
| |
| dbp:doctoralAdvisor
| |
| dbp:fields
| |
| dbp:knownFor
|
- Solidification theory and glass formation (en)
|
| dbp:name
| |
| dbp:nationality
| |
| dbp:thesisTitle
|
- An investigation of various electron emitters for a periodic deviation from the Schottky line (en)
|
| dbp:thesisUrl
| |
| dbp:thesisYear
| |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
| |
| dcterms:subject
| |
| gold:hypernym
| |
| schema:sameAs
| |
| rdf:type
| |
| rdfs:comment
|
- ديفيد تيرنبول (بالإنجليزية: David Turnbull) (و. 1915 – 2007 م) هو كيميائي، وفيزيائي، ومهندس، وخبير بالمعادن، وعالم مواد ، وأستاذ جامعي من الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية . ولد في كيواني . وكان عضواً في الأكاديمية الوطنية للعلوم، والأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والعلوم .توفي في كامبريدج (ماساتشوستس) ، عن عمر يناهز 92 عاماً. (ar)
- David Turnbull (* 18. Februar 1915 in der Nähe von Kewanee in Illinois, USA; † 28. April 2007 in Cambridge in Massachusetts, USA) war ein amerikanischer Physiker und Materialwissenschaftler. Er ist bekannt für seine wegweisenden Arbeiten zur Kinetik von Phasenübergängen in Festkörpern, der Keimbildung in Schmelzen und dem Wachstum von Kristallen, der Diffusion in Metallen und der Glasbildung. (de)
- David Turnbull foi um físico estadunidense, especialista em ciência dos materiais. (pt)
- David Turnbull (February 18, 1915 – April 28, 2007) was an American physical chemist who worked in the interdisciplinary fields of materials science and applied physics. Turnbull made seminal contribution to solidification theory and glass formation. Turnbull was born in Elmira, Elmira Township, Stark County, Illinois. He graduated from high school in 1932 and then received a bachelor's degree in 1936 from Monmouth College (Illinois), specializing in physical chemistry. He received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry under T. E. Phipps from the University of Illinois in 1939. He was on the faculty of Case Institute of Technology from 1939 to 1946. (en)
- Дэвид Тернбулл (David Turnbull; 18 февраля 1915 г., Иллинойс — 28 апреля 2007 г., Кембридж, Массачусетс) — американский физикохимик и материаловед. Эмерит-профессор Гарвардского университета, член Национальной АН США (1968). Награждён медалью Франклина филадельфийского Института Франклина (1990), лауреат премии Японии (1986). Член Американской академии искусств и наук (1968) и фелло Американского физического общества. В 1992 году учредило ежегодные David Turnbull Lectureship. (ru)
|
| rdfs:label
|
- ديفيد تيرنبول (ar)
- David Turnbull (Physiker) (de)
- David Turnbull (materials scientist) (en)
- David Turnbull (pt)
- Тернбулл, Дэвид (химик) (ru)
|
| owl:sameAs
| |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom
| |
| foaf:depiction
| |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
| |
| foaf:name
| |
| is dbo:award
of | |
| is dbo:doctoralAdvisor
of | |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
of | |
| is dbp:doctoralAdvisor
of | |
| is foaf:primaryTopic
of | |
.jpg?width=300)
.jpg){kind=link}