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- Constanzo Varolio (latinisiert Constantius Varolius; * 1543 in Bologna; † 1575 in Rom) war ein italienischer Mediziner. Varolio studierte Philosophie und Medizin an der Universität Bologna, wo der Anatom und Vesalius-Schüler Giulio Cesare Aranzi sein Lehrer war. 1567 wurde er in Medizin promoviert (M. D.) und 1569 erhielt er den neu geschaffenen Lehrstuhl für Chirurgie in Bologna, unterrichtete aber auch Anatomie. 1572 ging er nach Rom, wo er möglicherweise auch an der Universität La Sapienza unterrichtete, dort aber nicht im Lehrkörper gelistet war. Nach einigen Angaben war er Leibarzt des Papstes Gregor XIII., der ebenfalls aus Bologna stammte. Er hatte in Rom einen guten Ruf als Arzt und Chirurg und soll sehr geschickt im Entfernen von Blasensteinen gewesen sein. Er ist vor allem durch das Buch De nervis opticis über die Anatomie des Gehirns bekannt. Er führte bei der anatomischen Sektion des Gehirns neue Methoden ein und ging statt von oben von unten vor. Dabei entdeckte er auch neue Gehirnteile, beispielsweise die Pons varolii (die aber schon Vesalius kannte). Er befasste sich auch mit der Anatomie der Erektion. Ein weiteres Anatomie-Buch von Varolius erschien postum 1591. (de)
- Costanzo Varolio, Latinized as Constantius Varolius (1543–1575), was an Italian anatomist and a papal physician to Gregory XIII. Varolio was born in Bologna. He was a pupil of the anatomist Giulio Cesare Aranzio, himself a pupil of Vesalius. He received his doctorate in medicine in 1567. In 1569 the Senate of the University of Bologna created an extraordinary chair in surgery for him with responsibility to teach anatomy as well and where a statue of him is housed at the Anatomical Theatre of the Archiginnasio. Later he is believed to have taught at the Sapienza University of Rome although he is not listed on the roll there. Nevertheless, he is known to have had considerable success in Rome both as a physician and as a surgeon and his memorial plaque in that city refers to his great skill in removing stones. He died in Rome. He is best remembered for his work on the cranial nerves. He was the first to examine the brain from its base upwards, in contrast with previous dissections which had been performed from the top downwards. In 1573 he published this new method of dissecting the brain whereby he separated the brain from the skull and began the dissection from the base. Varolio described many of the brain's structures for the first time including the pons or pons Varolii which is a reflex center of respiration and a communication bridge between spinal cord and brain, the crura cerebri and the ileocecal valve. Another area of interest to him was the mechanism of erectile function. Although the “Musculi erectores penis” (i.e. Mm. bulbospongiosi and ischicavernosi) had already been described by Galen in the 2nd century A.D., this knowledge was lost by the time of Varolio, who re-discovered them and gave a surprisingly accurate description of the mechanism of erection although his inaccurate attribution of erection to "erector muscles" continued to be believed by most anatomists for three centuries. Varolius' work is the following:De Nervis Opticis nonnullisque aliis praeter communem opinionem in Humano capite observatis. Ad Hieronymum Mercurialem, Patavii apud Paul et Anton. Meiettos fratres, 1573, 8º, 8 and 32 leaves. It consists of a letter to Girolamo Mercuriale, dated 1 April 1572, his answer, and Varolius' reply to the latter. Appended are three woodcuts pertaining to the brain and drawn by Varolius himself. The engraving is somewhat crude, yet distinct and instructive. A second work by Varolius, a physiology of man, was published for the first time after his death:Anatomiae sive de resolutione corporis humani ad Caesarem Mediovillanum libri iv, Eiusdem Varolii et Hieron. Mercrialis De nervis Opticis, etc. epistolae, Francofurti, apud Joh. Wechelum et Petr. Fischerum consortes, 1591, 8º, 8 and 184 pp. This contains one illustration. The former book is republished as a part of this work with unchanged text and the woodcuts recarved in a somewhat different manner. (en)
- Constanzo Varolio, latinisé en Constantius Varolius (en français : Constant Varole) est un anatomiste italien de la Renaissance né en 1543 à Bologne et mort à Rome en 1575. (fr)
- Costanzo Varolio (latinizzato in Constantius Varolius; Bologna, 1543 – Roma, 1575) è stato un anatomista italiano rinascimentale. Illustrazione da De Nervis Opticis di Varolio. (it)
- Costanzo Varolio, född 1543 i Bologna, död 1575 i Rom, var en italiensk anatom. Varolio var först professor i anatomi och kirurgi i Bologna och från 1573 professor i Rom. Han är bekant genom sina undersökningar över hjärnan och dess nerver, och efter honom har den så kallade hjärnbryggan fått namnet pons Varoli eller Varolii, Varols brygga. Varolios arbete om hjärnan utkom 1572 under titeln De nervis opticus nonnullisque aliìs proter communem opinionem in humano capite observatis epistola. (sv)
- Costanzo Varolio (Constantius Varolius, ur. 1543 w Bolonii, zm. 1575 w Rzymie) – włoski anatom, lekarz papieża Grzegorza XII. (pl)
- Костанцо Варолий (итал. Costanzo Varolio; 1543[…], Болонья — 1575[…], Рим) — итальянский анатом эпохи Ренессанса, личный врач папы Григория XIII. Преподавал в Болонском университете. Несмотря на короткую жизнь, прославился как наилучший медик современности, исследователь мозга и механизма эрекции. Вошел в историю в качестве выдающегося хирурга. Самолично выполнил несколько гравюр к первому из своих трактатов. (ru)
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- Constantius Varolius (en)
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- 5717 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- Constantius Varolius (en)
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- Illustration from De Nervis Opticis by Varolius (en)
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- Work on the cranial nerves (en)
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- Anatomist and papal physician (en)
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- Sapienza University of Rome (en)
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- Constanzo Varolio, latinisé en Constantius Varolius (en français : Constant Varole) est un anatomiste italien de la Renaissance né en 1543 à Bologne et mort à Rome en 1575. (fr)
- Costanzo Varolio (latinizzato in Constantius Varolius; Bologna, 1543 – Roma, 1575) è stato un anatomista italiano rinascimentale. Illustrazione da De Nervis Opticis di Varolio. (it)
- Costanzo Varolio, född 1543 i Bologna, död 1575 i Rom, var en italiensk anatom. Varolio var först professor i anatomi och kirurgi i Bologna och från 1573 professor i Rom. Han är bekant genom sina undersökningar över hjärnan och dess nerver, och efter honom har den så kallade hjärnbryggan fått namnet pons Varoli eller Varolii, Varols brygga. Varolios arbete om hjärnan utkom 1572 under titeln De nervis opticus nonnullisque aliìs proter communem opinionem in humano capite observatis epistola. (sv)
- Costanzo Varolio (Constantius Varolius, ur. 1543 w Bolonii, zm. 1575 w Rzymie) – włoski anatom, lekarz papieża Grzegorza XII. (pl)
- Костанцо Варолий (итал. Costanzo Varolio; 1543[…], Болонья — 1575[…], Рим) — итальянский анатом эпохи Ренессанса, личный врач папы Григория XIII. Преподавал в Болонском университете. Несмотря на короткую жизнь, прославился как наилучший медик современности, исследователь мозга и механизма эрекции. Вошел в историю в качестве выдающегося хирурга. Самолично выполнил несколько гравюр к первому из своих трактатов. (ru)
- Constanzo Varolio (latinisiert Constantius Varolius; * 1543 in Bologna; † 1575 in Rom) war ein italienischer Mediziner. Varolio studierte Philosophie und Medizin an der Universität Bologna, wo der Anatom und Vesalius-Schüler Giulio Cesare Aranzi sein Lehrer war. 1567 wurde er in Medizin promoviert (M. D.) und 1569 erhielt er den neu geschaffenen Lehrstuhl für Chirurgie in Bologna, unterrichtete aber auch Anatomie. 1572 ging er nach Rom, wo er möglicherweise auch an der Universität La Sapienza unterrichtete, dort aber nicht im Lehrkörper gelistet war. Nach einigen Angaben war er Leibarzt des Papstes Gregor XIII., der ebenfalls aus Bologna stammte. Er hatte in Rom einen guten Ruf als Arzt und Chirurg und soll sehr geschickt im Entfernen von Blasensteinen gewesen sein. (de)
- Costanzo Varolio, Latinized as Constantius Varolius (1543–1575), was an Italian anatomist and a papal physician to Gregory XIII. Varolio was born in Bologna. He was a pupil of the anatomist Giulio Cesare Aranzio, himself a pupil of Vesalius. He received his doctorate in medicine in 1567. In 1569 the Senate of the University of Bologna created an extraordinary chair in surgery for him with responsibility to teach anatomy as well and where a statue of him is housed at the Anatomical Theatre of the Archiginnasio. Later he is believed to have taught at the Sapienza University of Rome although he is not listed on the roll there. Nevertheless, he is known to have had considerable success in Rome both as a physician and as a surgeon and his memorial plaque in that city refers to his great skill i (en)
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- Costanzo Varolio (en)
- Constanzo Varolio (de)
- Costanzo Varolio (fr)
- Costanzo Varolio (it)
- Costanzo Varolio (pl)
- Costanzo Varolio (sv)
- Варолий, Костанцо (ru)
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