About: Conservation and restoration of bone, horn, and antler objects

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Conservation-restoration of bone, horn, and antler objects involves the processes by which the deterioration of objects either containing or made from bone, horn, and antler is contained and prevented. Their use has been documented throughout history in many societal groups as these materials are durable, plentiful, versatile, and naturally occurring/replenishing.

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  • Conservation-restoration of bone, horn, and antler objects involves the processes by which the deterioration of objects either containing or made from bone, horn, and antler is contained and prevented. Their use has been documented throughout history in many societal groups as these materials are durable, plentiful, versatile, and naturally occurring/replenishing. While all three materials have historically been used in the creation of tools, ceremonial objects, instruments, and decorative objects, their individual compositions differ slightly, thus affecting their care. Bone is porous, as it is a mineralized connective tissue composed of calcium, phosphorus, fluoride, and ossein, a protein. Horn consists of a keratin sheath over a bony outgrowth, as seen with cows and other animals. Antlers are a reoccurring bony growth on the skulls of male members of the deer family (apart from reindeer/caribou, in which both males and females produce antlers.) Unlike horn, which is a permanent feature, antlers are typically shed and regrown each year. While these materials have a well-documented past as sturdy and reliable choices for tools, decoration, ceremonial objects, and more, they are organic materials that deteriorate if not treated properly. Deterioration may occur if objects made from these materials are subjected to extreme heat, dryness, moisture, or a combination of heat and moisture due to their highly porous nature. Other sources of deterioration include pests, acids, and overexposure to light. It is highly recommended that a conservator be contacted if a museum has bone, horn, or antler objects in need of conservation, as many adhesives, liquid cleaners, and protective coatings may irreversibly damage the object. (en)
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  • Conservation-restoration of bone, horn, and antler objects involves the processes by which the deterioration of objects either containing or made from bone, horn, and antler is contained and prevented. Their use has been documented throughout history in many societal groups as these materials are durable, plentiful, versatile, and naturally occurring/replenishing. (en)
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  • Conservation and restoration of bone, horn, and antler objects (en)
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