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- The chief risk officer (CRO) or chief risk management officer (CRMO) or chief risk and compliance officer (CRCO) of a firm or corporation is the executive accountable for enabling the efficient and effective governance of significant risks, and related opportunities, to a business and its various segments. Risks are commonly categorized as strategic, reputational, operational, financial, or compliance-related. CROs are accountable to the Executive Committee and The Board for enabling the business to balance risk and reward. In more complex organizations, they are generally responsible for coordinating the organization's Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) approach. The CRO is responsible for assessing and mitigating significant competitive, regulatory, and technological threats to a firm's capital and earnings. The CRO roles and responsibilities vary depending on the size of the organization and industry. The CRO works to ensure that the firm is compliant with government regulations, such as Sarbanes–Oxley, and reviews factors that could negatively affect investments. Typically, the CRO is responsible for the firm's risk management operations, including managing, identifying, evaluating, reporting and overseeing the firm's risks externally and internally to the organization and works diligently with senior management such as chief executive officer and chief financial officer. The role of the chief risk officer (CRO) is becoming increasing important in financial, investment, and insurance sectors. According to Watson, the majority of CROs agreed that having only exceptional analytical skill is not sufficient. The most successful CROs are able to combine these skills with highly developed commercial, strategic, leadership and communication skill to be able to drive change and make a difference in an organization. CROs typically have post graduate education with over 20 years of experience in accounting, economics, legal or actuarial backgrounds.A business may find a risk acceptable; however, the company as a whole may not. CROs need to balance risks with financial, investment, insurance, personnel and inventory decisions to obtain an optimum level for stakeholders. According to a study by Morgan McKinley, a successful CRO must be able to deal with complexity and ambiguity, and understand the bigger picture. James Lam, a noted risk professional, is credited as the first person to coin the term. Lam is the first person to hold that position at GE Capital in 1993. The position became more common after the Basel Accord, the Sarbanes–Oxley Act, the Turnbull Report. A main priority for the CRO is to ensure that the organization is in full compliance with applicable regulations and to analyze all risk related issues. They may also be required to work alongside other senior executives such as with a chief compliance officer. They may deal with topics regarding insurance, internal auditing, corporate investigations, fraud, and information security. The responsibilities and requirements to become a chief risk officer vary depending on the size of the organization and the industry, however most CRO's typically have a masters-degree level of education and 10 to 20 years of business-related experience, with actuarial, accounting, economics, and legal backgrounds common. There are many different pathways to become a CRO but most organizations prefer to promote their own employees to the position internally. (en)
- El Director de riesgos, Chief risk officer (CRO) o Chief risk management officer (CRMO) es un cargo destinado a aquel ejecutivo responsable de gestionar el control y la gestión eficiente y efectiva de los riesgos significativos, así como de las oportunidades, con las que se enfrenta una empresa como corporación o en cualquiera de sus actividades empresariales; si bien es cierto es un puesto que aún no es predominante en el conjunto de las organizaciones, cada vez se va haciendo más común su presencia, en especial, para el caso de empresas de gran envergadura. Los riesgos a los que se alude son comúnmente categorizados como estratégicos, operativos, financieros o relativos al cumplimiento. El CRO es el encargado de entregar al Comité de Dirección y al Consejo de Administración la información necesaria para una correcta toma de decisiones (a nivel genérico) en cuanto al manejo del riesgo al que se ve enfrentada la compañía. En aquellas organizaciones de mayor complejidad son responsables de coordinar los procesos de gestión y control del riesgo (en inglés, Enterprise Risk Management o ERM). (es)
- 최고 위기 관리자(最高危機管理者, Chief Risk Officer, CRO)는 잠재적인 경영위험을 파악, 측정하고 이에 대한 계획을 세워 관리하는 기업의 임원을 말한다. (ko)
- Een chief risk officer (afgekort CRO) is binnen een onderneming als lid van het managementteam (directiecomité of executive committee) de eindverantwoordelijke voor het identificeren, bewaken en beheersen van de diverse risico's waarmee de onderneming geconfronteerd wordt. De op te volgen risico's, die hun oorsprong zowel binnen de onderneming als extern kunnen vinden, zijn zeer divers van aard en worden gebruikelijk gecategoriseerd als strategisch, reputatie-, operationeel, financieel of compliance-gerelateerd. Het is de taak van de chief risk officer om ervoor te zorgen dat het interne operationele beleid, de procedures en de eventuele externe juridische bepalingen zo goed mogelijk worden nageleefd. Hij moet daarbij de moeilijke balans bewaken tussen het nemen van (normale) bedrijfsrisico’s enerzijds en het bewaken van de rendabiliteit van de onderneming anderzijds die ook een risico vormt wanneer ze te laag is. De rol van de chief risk officer wordt steeds belangrijker in de financiële, beleggings- en verzekeringssector. De functie van CRO wordt door de Europese Centrale Bank ook specifiek opgevolgd en bevraagd, vaak ook voor aanvang van de functie. CRO's zijn verantwoording verschuldigd aan het directiecomité en de raad van bestuur, al dan niet via een door de raad van bestuur opgericht adviserend specifiek risico-comité. (nl)
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- 최고 위기 관리자(最高危機管理者, Chief Risk Officer, CRO)는 잠재적인 경영위험을 파악, 측정하고 이에 대한 계획을 세워 관리하는 기업의 임원을 말한다. (ko)
- The chief risk officer (CRO) or chief risk management officer (CRMO) or chief risk and compliance officer (CRCO) of a firm or corporation is the executive accountable for enabling the efficient and effective governance of significant risks, and related opportunities, to a business and its various segments. Risks are commonly categorized as strategic, reputational, operational, financial, or compliance-related. CROs are accountable to the Executive Committee and The Board for enabling the business to balance risk and reward. In more complex organizations, they are generally responsible for coordinating the organization's Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) approach. The CRO is responsible for assessing and mitigating significant competitive, regulatory, and technological threats to a firm's ca (en)
- El Director de riesgos, Chief risk officer (CRO) o Chief risk management officer (CRMO) es un cargo destinado a aquel ejecutivo responsable de gestionar el control y la gestión eficiente y efectiva de los riesgos significativos, así como de las oportunidades, con las que se enfrenta una empresa como corporación o en cualquiera de sus actividades empresariales; si bien es cierto es un puesto que aún no es predominante en el conjunto de las organizaciones, cada vez se va haciendo más común su presencia, en especial, para el caso de empresas de gran envergadura. Los riesgos a los que se alude son comúnmente categorizados como estratégicos, operativos, financieros o relativos al cumplimiento. (es)
- Een chief risk officer (afgekort CRO) is binnen een onderneming als lid van het managementteam (directiecomité of executive committee) de eindverantwoordelijke voor het identificeren, bewaken en beheersen van de diverse risico's waarmee de onderneming geconfronteerd wordt. CRO's zijn verantwoording verschuldigd aan het directiecomité en de raad van bestuur, al dan niet via een door de raad van bestuur opgericht adviserend specifiek risico-comité. (nl)
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