| dbo:abstract
|
- A pair of decorated ceilings in the main Central Hall (officially Hintze Hall since 2014) and smaller North Hall of the Natural History Museum in South Kensington, London, were unveiled at the building's opening in 1881. They were designed by the museum's architect Alfred Waterhouse and painted by the artist Charles James Lea. The ceiling of the Central Hall consists of 162 panels, 108 of which depict plants considered significant to the history of the museum, to the British Empire or the museum's visitors and the remainder are highly stylised decorative botanical paintings. The ceiling of the smaller North Hall consists of 36 panels, 18 of which depict plants growing in the British Isles. Painted directly onto the plaster of the ceilings, they also make use of gilding for visual effect. The natural history collections had originally shared a building with their parent institution the British Museum, but with the expansion of the British Empire there was a significant increase in both public and commercial interest in natural history, and in the number of specimens added to the museum's natural history collections. In 1860 it was agreed that a separate museum of natural history would be created in a large building, capable of displaying the largest specimens, such as whales. The superintendent of the natural history departments, Richard Owen, envisaged that visitors would enter a large central hall containing what he termed an "index collection" of representative exhibits, from which other galleries would radiate, and a smaller hall to the north would display the natural history of the British Isles. Waterhouse's Romanesque design for the museum included decorative painted ceilings. Acton Smee Ayrton, the First Commissioner of Works, refused to permit the decoration of the ceilings on grounds of cost, but Waterhouse convinced him that provided the painting took place while the scaffolding from the museum's construction was still in place it would incur no extra cost; he further managed to convince Ayrton that the ceiling would be more appealing if elements of the paintings were gilded. The ceiling of the Central Hall consists of six rows of painted panels, three on each side of the roof's apex. Above the landing at the southern end of the building, the ceiling is divided into nine-panel blocks. The uppermost three panels in each block consist of what Waterhouse termed "archaic" panels, depicting stylised plants on a green background. Each of the lower six panels in each block depicts a plant considered of particular significance to the British Empire, against a pale background. Above the remainder of the Central Hall the archaic panels remain in the same style, but each set of six lower panels depicts a single plant, spreading across the six panels and against the same pale background; these represent plants considered of particular significance either to visitors, or to the history of the museum. The ceiling of the smaller North Hall comprises just four rows of panels. The two uppermost rows are of a simple design of heraldic symbols of the then constituent countries of the United Kingdom; each panel in the lower two rows depicts a different plant found in Britain or Ireland, in keeping with the room's intended purpose as a display of British natural history. As the ceilings were built cheaply, they are extremely fragile and require regular repair. They underwent significant conservation work in 1924, 1975 and 2016. The restoration in 2016 coincided with the removal of "Dippy", a cast of a Diplodocus skeleton which had previously stood in the Central Hall, and the installation of the skeleton of a blue whale suspended from the ceiling. (en)
- 自然历史博物馆的天花板是指伦敦自然史博物馆的中央大厅（自2014年起正式改名为辛茨大厅）和较小的北大厅的一对装饰天花板与自然史博物馆于1881年同时揭幕。它们由博物馆的建筑师阿尔弗雷德·沃特豪斯设计，由艺术家绘制。中央大厅的天花板由162个面板组成，其中108幅描绘了对博物馆历史，大英帝国或博物馆的参观者具有重要意义的植物，其余则是高度程式化的装饰性植物画。北厅天花板由36个面板组成，其中18幅描绘了生长在不列顛群島上的植物。这些画直接绘制在天花板的灰泥上，并贴金增强视觉效果。 博物馆的首席工程专员阿克顿•斯密•艾尔顿（Acton Smee Ayrton）當初以成本为由拒绝进行该计划，但是沃特豪斯向其保证，那些画是在博物馆建成前完成，因此不会产生任何额外费用。随后，他又说服艾尔顿，将一些画中的元素贴金，使天花板更具吸引力。 中央大厅的天花板由六排彩绘面板组成，屋顶顶点的两侧各三排。这些彩绘面板在建筑物南端的落地窗上方，又被分为九块面板（如图）。每个区块中最接近屋顶的三块面板由仿古面板组成，在绿色底色上描绘了一些程式化的植物。其余的六块面板上，每幅画都以淡色为背景，描绘了一种对大英帝国具有特殊意义的植物。除此之外，中央大厅天花板的剩余部分运用了同样的风格和模式。彩绘面板上的植物不管是对游客或是博物馆历史都具有特殊意义。 北厅的天花板仅包含四排彩绘面板。最上面两排描绘了联合王国当时组成国的纹章符号；其余两排描绘了在英国或爱尔兰发现的植物，与该厅展示英国自然历史的预期目的契合。 由于天花板的建造成本低廉，它们非常脆弱，需要定期维修。在1924年，1975年和2016年多次进行了维修保护工作。 2016年展开修复工作的同时，拆除了“ 迪皮 ”（Dippy），迪皮是以前站在中央大厅的梁龙骨架，取而代之的是天花板上新悬挂的蓝鲸骨架。 (zh)
|
| dbo:thumbnail
| |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink
| |
| dbo:wikiPageID
| |
| dbo:wikiPageLength
|
- 95205 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
|
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID
| |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
| |
| dbp:align
| |
| dbp:alt
|
- Curcuma (en)
- Ottelia (en)
- Balcony ceiling panels (en)
- Central Hall from the landing (en)
- Lobby ceiling panel (en)
- Nine botanical panels (en)
|
| dbp:author
|
- 0001-04-18 (xsd:gMonthDay)
- Richard Owen, President's Address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1858 (en)
- Alfred Waterhouse, June 1876 (en)
|
| dbp:caption
|
- A northern lobby ceiling depicting birds, insects, butterflies and paterae (en)
- Curcuma, Nathaniel Wallich (en)
- Unlike the intentionally exposed girders of the main hall, the supporting arches above the landing are enclosed within terracotta facing. (en)
- A nine-panel set from above the landing. The archaic panels' style remains the same, but each lower panel depicts a separate species. (en)
- Archaic panel depicting Ottelia and a stylised bird (en)
- Panels from the balcony ceiling, with a lizard, snail, bird and crab (en)
|
| dbp:captionAlign
| |
| dbp:direction
| |
| dbp:image
|
- Natural History Museum Main Hall, London, UK - Diliff.jpg (en)
- Nathaniel Wallich05.jpg (en)
- Central Hall, Natural History Museum, London 20181216 101528 .jpg (en)
- Central Hall, Natural History Museum, London 20181216 101316 .jpg (en)
- Central Hall, Natural History Museum, London 20181216 100923 .jpg (en)
- Ottelia cordata painting on the ceiling of the Natural History Museum, London.jpg (en)
|
| dbp:text
|
- The walls and the ceilings are decorated, as befits a Palace of Nature, with all the varieties of animal and vegetable life, and the more striking fossil remains ... Not the least admirable part of the plan is the great central hall, to be furnished and ornamented as an index to the contents of the museum. Though its proportions are magnificent, it will only be an epitome of the whole collection. The idea seems to have been suggested by the Reference Library of 60,000 volumes in the Reading Room of the British Museum, which this hall will almost equal in size, though of a very different form. We are sure that Londoners will be very glad to hear that they have now the opportunity of pursuing the most delightful of all studies in a true Temple of Nature, showing, as it should, the Beauty of Holiness. (en)
- The lower panels will have representations of foliage treated conventionally. The upper panels will be treated with more variety of colour and the designs will be of an archaic character. The chief idea to be represented is that of growth. The colours will be arranged so that the most brilliant will be near the apex of the roof. (en)
- The great instrument of zoological science, as Lord Bacon points out, is a Museum of Natural History. Every civilized state in Europe possesses such a Museum. That of England has been progressively developed to the extent which the restrictive circumstances under which it originated have allowed. The public is now fully aware, by the reports that have been published by Parliament, by representations to Government, and by articles in Reviews and other Periodicals, of the present condition of the National Museum of Natural History and of its most pressing requirements. Of them the most pressing, and the one essential to rendering the collections worthy of this great empire, is 'space'. Our colonies include parts of the earth where the forms of plants and animals are the most strange. No empire in the world had ever so wide a range for the collection of the various forms of animal life as Great Britain. Never was there so much energy and intelligence displayed in the capture and transmission of exotic animals by the enterprising traveller in unknown lands and by the hardy settler in remote colonies, as by those who start from their native shores of Britain. Foreign Naturalists consequently visit England anticipating to find in her capital and in her National Museum the richest and most varied materials for their comparisons and deductions. And they ought to be in a state pre-eminently
conducive to the advancement of a philosophical zoology, and on a scale commensurate with the greatness of the nation and the peculiar national facilities for such perfection. But, in order to receive and to display zoological specimens, space must be had, and not merely space for display, but for orderly display: the galleries should bear relation in size and form with the nature of the classes respectively occupying them. They should be such as to enable the student or intelligent visitor to discern the extent of the class, and to trace the kind and order of the variations which have been superinduced upon its common or fundamental characters. (en)
|
| dbp:totalWidth
| |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
| |
| dcterms:subject
| |
| georss:point
|
- 51.49611111111111 -0.1763888888888889
|
| rdf:type
| |
| rdfs:comment
|
- A pair of decorated ceilings in the main Central Hall (officially Hintze Hall since 2014) and smaller North Hall of the Natural History Museum in South Kensington, London, were unveiled at the building's opening in 1881. They were designed by the museum's architect Alfred Waterhouse and painted by the artist Charles James Lea. The ceiling of the Central Hall consists of 162 panels, 108 of which depict plants considered significant to the history of the museum, to the British Empire or the museum's visitors and the remainder are highly stylised decorative botanical paintings. The ceiling of the smaller North Hall consists of 36 panels, 18 of which depict plants growing in the British Isles. Painted directly onto the plaster of the ceilings, they also make use of gilding for visual effect. (en)
- 自然历史博物馆的天花板是指伦敦自然史博物馆的中央大厅（自2014年起正式改名为辛茨大厅）和较小的北大厅的一对装饰天花板与自然史博物馆于1881年同时揭幕。它们由博物馆的建筑师阿尔弗雷德·沃特豪斯设计，由艺术家绘制。中央大厅的天花板由162个面板组成，其中108幅描绘了对博物馆历史，大英帝国或博物馆的参观者具有重要意义的植物，其余则是高度程式化的装饰性植物画。北厅天花板由36个面板组成，其中18幅描绘了生长在不列顛群島上的植物。这些画直接绘制在天花板的灰泥上，并贴金增强视觉效果。 博物馆的首席工程专员阿克顿•斯密•艾尔顿（Acton Smee Ayrton）當初以成本为由拒绝进行该计划，但是沃特豪斯向其保证，那些画是在博物馆建成前完成，因此不会产生任何额外费用。随后，他又说服艾尔顿，将一些画中的元素贴金，使天花板更具吸引力。 中央大厅的天花板由六排彩绘面板组成，屋顶顶点的两侧各三排。这些彩绘面板在建筑物南端的落地窗上方，又被分为九块面板（如图）。每个区块中最接近屋顶的三块面板由仿古面板组成，在绿色底色上描绘了一些程式化的植物。其余的六块面板上，每幅画都以淡色为背景，描绘了一种对大英帝国具有特殊意义的植物。除此之外，中央大厅天花板的剩余部分运用了同样的风格和模式。彩绘面板上的植物不管是对游客或是博物馆历史都具有特殊意义。 (zh)
|
| rdfs:label
|
- Ceilings of the Natural History Museum, London (en)
- 自然历史博物馆的天花板 (zh)
|
| owl:sameAs
| |
| geo:geometry
|
- POINT(-0.17638888955116 51.496112823486)
|
| geo:lat
| |
| geo:long
| |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom
| |
| foaf:depiction
|
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Hans_Sloane_by_Stephe...National_Portrait_Gallery,_London.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Montagu_House,_drawing_by_Sutton_Nichols_(published_1754).jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Richard-owen2.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Terracotta_monkey_in_...tural_History_Museum_Central_Hall.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Waterhouse_NHM_painting.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Nathaniel_Wallich05.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Alfred_Waterhouse,_The_Graphic,_4_May_1878.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Banksia_speciosa_pain...he_Natural_History_Museum,_London.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ceiling_of_the_Centra...he_Natural_History_Museum,_London.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ceiling_of_the_Centra..._Natural_History_Museum,_London_2.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ceiling_of_the_North_Hall,_Natural_History_Museum,_London.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ceiling_of_the_North_...),_Natural_History_Museum,_London.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Central_Hall,_Natural...don_20181216_100923_(45613575774).jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Central_Hall,_Natural...don_20181216_101316_(45613574294).jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Central_Hall,_Natural...don_20181216_101359_(46336914261).jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Central_Hall,_Natural...don_20181216_101528_(46286407432).jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Central_Hall,_Natural...don_20181216_102906_(31397699157).jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Hintze_Hall_ceiling_(part).jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Hintze_Hall_ceiling—Nicotiana_tabacum.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Natural_History_Museum,_London,_Central_Hall_ceiling_layout.png
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Natural_History_Museum,_London,_North_Hall_ceiling_layout.png
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Natural_History_Museum_Main_Hall,_London,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ottelia_cordata_paint...he_Natural_History_Museum,_London.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Whale_skeleton_(39940686951).jpg
|
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
| |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
of | |
| is foaf:primaryTopic
of | |
.jpg){kind=link}
,_Natural_History_Museum,_London.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}