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- The Black Prince's chevauchée of 1356 was a large-scale mounted raid by an Anglo-Gascon force under the command of Edward, the Black Prince, between 4 August and 2 October 1356 as a part of the Hundred Years' War. The war had broken out in 1337, but a truce and the ravages of the Black Death had restricted the extent of the fighting since 1347. In 1355 the French king, John II, determined to resume full-scale war. That autumn, while Edward III of England threatened northern France, his son, Edward of Woodstock, later known as the Black Prince, carried out a devastating mounted raid, or chevauchée: an Anglo-Gascon army marched from the English possession of Gascony 675 miles (1,086 km) to Narbonne and back. The French refused battle, despite suffering enormous economic damage. In 1356 the Black Prince intended to carry out a similar chevauchée, this time as part of a larger strategic operation intended to strike the French from several directions simultaneously. On 4 August 6,000 Anglo-Gascon soldiers headed north from Bergerac towards Bourges, devastating a wide swathe of French territory and sacking many French towns on the way. It was hoped to join up with two English forces in the vicinity of the River Loire, but by early September the Anglo-Gascons were facing the much larger French royal army on their own. The Black Prince withdrew towards Gascony; he was prepared to give battle, but only if he could fight on the tactical defensive on ground of his own choosing. John was determined to fight, preferably by cutting the Anglo-Gascons off from supply and forcing them to attack him in his prepared position. In the event the French succeeded in cutting off the Prince's army, but then decided to attack it in its prepared defensive position anyway, partly from fear it might slip away, but mostly as a question of honour. This was the Battle of Poitiers. Between 14,000 and 16,000 French troops, including at least 10,000 men-at-arms, attacked on the morning of 19 September in four separate waves. The Anglo-Gascons defeated each in turn during a long-drawn-out battle. They partially surrounded the final French attack and captured the French King and one of his sons. In total 5,800 Frenchmen were killed and 2,000 to 3,000 men-at-arms captured. The surviving French dispersed while the Anglo-Gascons continued their withdrawal to Gascony. The following spring a two-year truce was agreed and the Black Prince escorted John to London. Negotiations to end the war and ransom John dragged out and Edward launched a further campaign in 1359. During this both sides compromised and the Treaty of Brétigny was agreed by which vast areas of France were ceded to England, to be personally ruled by the Black Prince, and John was ransomed for three million gold écu. At the time this seemed to end the war, but the French initiated a resumption of hostilities in 1369 and recaptured most of the territory lost. The war did not end until 1453, with a French victory. (en)
- La chevauchée du Prince Noir en 1356, qui commence le 4 août 1356 par le départ des troupes anglaises de Bordeaux et se termine par la bataille de Poitiers le 19 septembre 1356, est un raid dévastateur d'Édouard, prince de Galles, plus connu sous le nom de Prince Noir, fils aîné du Édouard III, roi d'Angleterre, sur le sol français. Cette seconde expédition du Prince Noir dévaste une grande partie du Bergeracois, du Périgord, du Nontronnais, du Confolentais, du Nord-Ouest du Limousin, de la Marche, du Boischaut, de la Champagne berrichonne, du Berry, de la Sologne, du sud de la Touraine et du Poitou. (fr)
- Шевоше Чёрного принца (фр. chevauchée du Prince Noir, англ. Black Prince's chevauchée) — длительный конный рейд англо-гасконской армии под командованием наследника английского престола Эдуарда Чёрного принца по Юго-Западной Франции, предпринятый в августе — октябре 1356 года, на первом этапе Столетней войны (Эдвардианская война). Армия принца, насчитывавшая около шести тысяч человек, двинулась из Бордо на север, в сторону Буржа, грабя местность, штурмуя замки и города. Предполагалось на берегах Луары соединиться с двумя другими английскими армиями, шедшими с севера, но в начале сентября Эдуард узнал о приближении основных сил французов во главе с королём Иоанном Добрым. Он начал отступать, но 19 сентября у Пуатье ему пришлось принять бой. Несмотря на численное превосходство противника, англичане одержали полную победу и даже взяли в плен короля Франции. После этого они продолжили отступление. Война на этом не закончилась: весной 1357 года было заключено перемирие на два года, но дальнейшие переговоры затянулись. (ru)
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- La chevauchée du Prince Noir en 1356, qui commence le 4 août 1356 par le départ des troupes anglaises de Bordeaux et se termine par la bataille de Poitiers le 19 septembre 1356, est un raid dévastateur d'Édouard, prince de Galles, plus connu sous le nom de Prince Noir, fils aîné du Édouard III, roi d'Angleterre, sur le sol français. Cette seconde expédition du Prince Noir dévaste une grande partie du Bergeracois, du Périgord, du Nontronnais, du Confolentais, du Nord-Ouest du Limousin, de la Marche, du Boischaut, de la Champagne berrichonne, du Berry, de la Sologne, du sud de la Touraine et du Poitou. (fr)
- The Black Prince's chevauchée of 1356 was a large-scale mounted raid by an Anglo-Gascon force under the command of Edward, the Black Prince, between 4 August and 2 October 1356 as a part of the Hundred Years' War. The war had broken out in 1337, but a truce and the ravages of the Black Death had restricted the extent of the fighting since 1347. In 1355 the French king, John II, determined to resume full-scale war. That autumn, while Edward III of England threatened northern France, his son, Edward of Woodstock, later known as the Black Prince, carried out a devastating mounted raid, or chevauchée: an Anglo-Gascon army marched from the English possession of Gascony 675 miles (1,086 km) to Narbonne and back. The French refused battle, despite suffering enormous economic damage. (en)
- Шевоше Чёрного принца (фр. chevauchée du Prince Noir, англ. Black Prince's chevauchée) — длительный конный рейд англо-гасконской армии под командованием наследника английского престола Эдуарда Чёрного принца по Юго-Западной Франции, предпринятый в августе — октябре 1356 года, на первом этапе Столетней войны (Эдвардианская война). Армия принца, насчитывавшая около шести тысяч человек, двинулась из Бордо на север, в сторону Буржа, грабя местность, штурмуя замки и города. (ru)
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