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Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe ( 15 July1865 - 14 August1922) rose from childhood poverty to become a powerful newspaper and publishing magnate, famed for buying stolid, unprofitable newspapers and transforming (some say demeaning) them to make them lively and entertaining for the mass market. During his lifetime, he exercised vast influence over British popular opinion. Unfortunately, megalomania contributed to a nervous breakdown shortly before his death.
Although born near Dublin, Harmsworth was educated at the Stamford School in Lincolnshire, England.
Beginning as a free-lance journalist, he founded his first newspaper, Answers (original title: Answers to Correspondents), and was later assisted by his brother Harold, who was adept at business matters. Harmsworth had an intuitive sense for what the reading public wanted to buy, and began a series of cheap but successful periodicals, such as Comic Cuts (tagline: "Amusing without being Vulgar") and the journal Forget-Me-Not for women. From these periodicals, he built what was then the largest periodical publishing empire in the world, Amalgamated Press.
Harmsworth was an early pioneer of tabloid journalism. He bought several failing newspapers and made them into an enormously profitable chain, primarily by appealing to the popular taste. He began with The Evening News in 1894, and then merged two Edinburgh papers to form the Edinburgh Daily Record. On 4 May 1896, he began publishing the Daily Mail in London, which was a hit; its taglines included "the busy man's daily journal" and "the penny newspaper for one halfpenny". The Daily Mail held the world record for daily circulation until Harmsworth's death. Harmsworth then transformed a Sunday newspaper, the Weekly Dispatch, into the Sunday Dispatch, then the highest circulation Sunday newspaper in Britain. Harmsworth also founded the The Daily Mirror in 1903, and rescued the financially desperate The Observer and The Times in 1905 and 1908, respectively. In 1908, he also acquired The Sunday Times.
In 1905 Harmsworth was given the title of Baron Northcliffe, of the Isle of Thanet and in 1918 advanced to Viscount Northcliffe, of St Peters in the County of Kent, for his service as the head of the British war mission in the United States.
Lord Northcliffe was also involved in politics. For example, his newspapers — especially The Times — reported the Shell Crisis of 1915 with such zeal that it brought down the wartime government of Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith, forcing him to form a coalition government. Lord Northcliffe's newspapers led the fight for creating a Minister of Munitions (first held by David Lloyd George) and helped to bring about Lloyd George's appointment as Prime Minister in 1916. Lloyd George offered Lord Northcliffe a post in his cabinet, but Northcliffe declined and was appointed Director for Propaganda.
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Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe ( 15 July1865 - 14 August1922) rose from childhood poverty to become a powerful newspaper and publishing magnate, famed for buying stolid, unprofitable newspapers and transforming (some say demeaning) them to make them lively and entertaining for the mass market. During his lifetime, he exercised vast influence over British popular opinion. Unfortunately, megalomania contributed to a nervous breakdown shortly before his death.
Although born near Dublin, Harmsworth was educated at the Stamford School in Lincolnshire, England.
Beginning as a free-lance journalist, he founded his first newspaper, Answers (original title: Answers to Correspondents), and was later assisted by his brother Harold, who was adept at business matters. Harmsworth had an intuitive sense for what the reading public wanted to buy, and began a series of cheap but successful periodicals, such as Comic Cuts (tagline: "Amusing without being Vulgar") and the journal Forget-Me-Not for women. From these periodicals, he built what was then the largest periodical publishing empire in the world, Amalgamated Press.
Harmsworth was an early pioneer of tabloid journalism. He bought several failing newspapers and made them into an enormously profitable chain, primarily by appealing to the popular taste. He began with The Evening News in 1894, and then merged two Edinburgh papers to form the Edinburgh Daily Record. On 4 May 1896, he began publishing the Daily Mail in London, which was a hit; its taglines included "the busy man's daily journal" and "the penny newspaper for one halfpenny". The Daily Mail held the world record for daily circulation until Harmsworth's death. Harmsworth then transformed a Sunday newspaper, the Weekly Dispatch, into the Sunday Dispatch, then the highest circulation Sunday newspaper in Britain. Harmsworth also founded the The Daily Mirror in 1903, and rescued the financially desperate The Observer and The Times in 1905 and 1908, respectively. In 1908, he also acquired The Sunday Times.
In 1905 Harmsworth was given the title of Baron Northcliffe, of the Isle of Thanet and in 1918 advanced to Viscount Northcliffe, of St Peters in the County of Kent, for his service as the head of the British war mission in the United States.
Lord Northcliffe was also involved in politics. For example, his newspapers — especially The Times — reported the Shell Crisis of 1915 with such zeal that it brought down the wartime government of Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith, forcing him to form a coalition government. Lord Northcliffe's newspapers led the fight for creating a Minister of Munitions (first held by David Lloyd George) and helped to bring about Lloyd George's appointment as Prime Minister in 1916. Lloyd George offered Lord Northcliffe a post in his cabinet, but Northcliffe declined and was appointed Director for Propaganda."
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Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, lord Northcliffe, ( Chapelizod, condado de Dublín, Irlanda, 15 de julio de 1865 - Londres, 14 de agosto de 1922) Periodista y escritor irlandés, llamado el «Napoleón de la Prensa».
Dio auge extraordinario al periodismo nuevo, lo industrializó, creó un vasto imperio periodístico y labró sólida fortuna.
Hijo de un abogado en estrechez económica, el primero de seis hermanos, soñó con enriquecerse rápidamente. A los 17 años colaboró en Youth, de Herbert Ingram. Luego, en Bicycling News, de Edward Iliffe. Quería horizontes más amplios. Solventes periodistas le desaconsejaron que se dedicara al periodismo. Tiene una entrevista casual con George Newness, que había triunfado clamorosamente con Tit-Bits. Le complace su sistema de periodismo popular, corto, rápido, interesante.
Cuando escribía en Lady's Pictorial, observa que la sección «preguntas y respuestas» tiene gran aceptación. Medita en un semanario titulado Answers. El 2 de junio 1888, a sus 23 años, lanza el primer número: 12 páginas, a un penique, 12.000 ejemplares. Información y variedad de temas interesantes. Estuvo a punto de fracasar, pero ideó ingeniosos métodos de propaganda. Al año publica 25.000 ejemplares. Se le agrega su hermano Harold, hábil financiero, como administrador. Logra que el semanario produzca 30.000 libras de beneficio al año. Northcliffe se ingenia para que se hable de Answers. Ofrece un premio semanal de una libra esterlina, para toda su vida, a quien acierte la cantidad de oro y plata del Banco de Inglaterra el 4 de diciembre de 1889. La respuesta debe venir avalada por seis firmas: seis hablarían de Answers. Hubo 700.000 participantes. En 1889 el semanario publicaba 352.000 ejemplares. En 1894, más del millón, y 40.000 libras de ingreso. La fórmula estaba descubierta. Lanza otros cinco semanarios: para las mujeres, para los oficinistas, para los jóvenes, para los niños, y un dominical; todos con aceptación.
Adquirió en 1894 el Evening News, por 25.000 libras. Modificó su estructura: se dividieron las columnas en párrafos. Se podaron los reportajes. Tres o cuatro editoriales breves. Una columna dedicada a las mujeres, muy esmerada. Concursos semanales de deporte. Evening News, que antes perdía 100 libras semanales, obtuvo 14.000 libras de beneficio al año. A los seis meses publicaba 40.000 ejemplares y llegó a ser el vespertino de más circulación. Northcliffe aspiraba a fundar un diario de la mañana. Estudió, con un grupo entusiasta, durante tres meses, los métodos de William Stead en Pall Mall; los de George Newness en Tit-Bits; los de Thomas Power O'Connor en Star y los del nuevo periodismo americano de Joseph Pulitzer. Pero debía ser moderado y serio, como lo requería el público inglés. Su lema: «explicar, simplificar, ser claros».
Daily Mail apareció el 4 de mayo de 1896. Se vendieron 397.215 ejemplares. El promedio de sus ventas diarias era de 200.000."
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Alfred Harmsworth (1865-1922) foi um jornalista e um empresário inglês, fundador do Daily Mail e do Daily Mirror. Em 1905 foi feito Lord Northcliffe. Revolucionou o jornalismo britânico tornando o jornal um produto acessível a todos, de baixo custo, impresso em grandes tiragens, com artigos claros e explícitos."
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Alfred Harmsworth, 1. Viscount Northcliffe (* 15. Juli 1865 in Dublin; † 14. August 1922 in London) war ein britischer Journalist und Verleger."
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アルフレッド・ハームズワース
初代ノースクリフ子爵（1st Viscount Northcliffe、本名：アルフレッド・チャールズ・ウィリアム・ハームズワース、1865年7月15日 - 1922年8月14日）は、イギリスの新聞王で数種の新聞の発行者。"
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