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- The Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars (IFCSS) was founded on August 1, 1989, when over 1000 Chinese student representatives from more than 200 Chinese Students and Scholars Association in major U.S. universities held their First Congress of Chinese Students and Scholars in the United States at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The mission of IFCSS was to promote democracy in China and to protect the interests of the Chinese students and scholars studying in the United States, as a response to Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Since its birth, IFCSS had become one of the most influential overseas Chinese students groups in history. It had lobbied successfully in U.S. Congress for many bills including the Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992, organized the well-known "Washington March for Chinese Democracy" in 1989, and united tens of thousands of Chinese students together for many years since 1989. However, its relevance and importance have been declining for years, even though some of its members continues to organize Memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 in Washington, D.C. The IFCSS was credited as to have started using the Internet for social mobilization and congressional lobby, for which a lot of research has been completed and resulted many published books and articles. Also, IFCSS is widely considered as a pioneer in utilizing modern technologies (electronic gadgets) like fax machines and emails to spread truth in totalitarian countries, and to coordinate social protests. In October 2018, IFCSS become a special topic again, as the Chinese Students and Scholars Association that IFCSS used to represent became a subject in vice president Mike Pence's Oct 2018 policy speech on China. (en)
- 全美中国学生学者自治联合会（英語：Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars），简称为全美学自联（英語：IFCSS），由1989年在美国的4万多位中国大陆留学生通过各校中国学生学者联合会推选代表，于1989年7月底在芝加哥召开的全美中国学生学者第一届代表大会上成立, 以推进中国大陸民主化和维护留学生利益为目的。 全美中国学生学者自治联合会是在上世纪90年代存在的代表中国留学生的学生学者团体，为留学生谋求利益，在当时很有影响力。2000年之后的影响及协调能力逐渐消失，各校中国学生学者联合会也与全美学自联脱离关系。 (zh)
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