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| - Afonso Marceta Macacho Dhlakama (born 1 January 1953 in Mangunde, Mozambique) is a Mozambican politician.He is the leader of the Mozambican National Resistance, a former anti-communist guerrilla organization that was formed and initially supported by the Rhodesian white minority government to oppose the Marxist Mozambique Liberation Front government. Later it was supported by the apartheid government in South Africa. The group has since transformed into the country's main opposition political party, since 1989. After RENAMO's first leader, André Matsangaissa, was killed by Mozambican government forces in 1979, Dklakama became leader after a violent succession struggle, in which rival Orlando Cristina was assassinated. By 1984, Dhalakama was both commander in chief of Renamo's forces and head of the governing body, the 12 member executive council. Dhlakama has competed as the RENAMO candidate in all three multiparty presidential elections held in Mozambique. In 1994, he was defeated by incumbent President and FRELIMO candidate Joaquim Chissano 53.3% to 33.7%. He received 47.7% of the vote in the 1999 presidential election with Chissano capturing 52.3%. In the most recent presidential election held in December 2004, he was defeated by FRELIMO candidate Armando Guebuza who received 63.7% of the vote to his 31.7%. International observers to the elections criticized the fact that the National Electoral Commission (CNE) did not conduct entirely fair and transparent elections. They listed a whole range of serious shortcomings by the electoral authorities that benefited the ruling party FRELIMO. Some believe that the pronounced outcome of the parliamentary election and thus the distribution of seats in the National Assembly does not reflect the will of the Mozambican people.In October 2006, on the 14th anniversary of the peace accords, Dhlakama threatened to form his own army. Dhlakama was injured in a car crash in Maputo on June 10 2007. A RENAMO spokesman described the injuries as minor. (en)
- Afonso Dhlakama (*1953), is een Mozambikaans politicus. Dhlakama studeerde aan het Rooms-Katholieke seminarium. In 1973 sloot Dhlakama zich aan bij het FRELIMO, maar een jaar later werd hij tijdens een anti-corruptiecampagne uit de beweging gezet. In 1976 sloot hij Dhlakama zich aan bij het door de Rhodesische regering gesteunde RENAMO dat een guerrillastrijd uitvocht met de Mozambikaanse FRELIMO-regering. In 1978 volgde hij Andre Mtsangaissa op als voorzitter van RENAMO. In 1980 werd Rhodesië onafhankelijk onder de naam Zimbabwe en nam Zuid-Afrika de steun aan RENAMO over. In 1984 sloten de Mozambikaanse en Zuid-Afrikaanse regering een overeenkomst waarin werd besloten dat Zuid-Afrika haar steun tegen aan RENAMO staakte en de Mozambikaanse regering op haar beurt de steun aan het ANC stopzette. In het geheim bleef Zuid-Afrika echter RENAMO steunen. In 1987 nam Dhlakama het presidentschap van de de Nationale Raad op zich, een tegenregering. In 1990 begonnen er onderhandelingen tussen RENAMO en de FRELIMO-regering die in 1992 resulteerden in een wapenstilstand en in een vredesakkoord . RENAMO werd door de Mozambikaanse regering erkend als een legale oppositiepartij. Dhalakama werd vervolgens in het parlement gekozen. In 1994, 1999 en 2004 Dhlakama presidentskandidaat. Steeds werd hij nipt verslagen door de kandidaat van FRELIMO. (nl)
- Afonso Macacho Marceta Dhlakama (se pronuncia como Djacama), nacido el 1 de enero de 1953, es el presidente de la RENAMO, el principal partido político de la oposición en Mozambique. Guerrillero estratega, dirigió a la guerrilla con gran capacidad jamás vista en el país. Derrotó a las fuerzas gubernamentales del partido único, combatió con zimbabuenses, tanzanos y cubanos, entre otras fuerzas de intervención en Mozambique. Gran político carismático desde la muerte de Samora Machel. (es)
- Afonso Marceta Macacho Dhlakama (s. 1. tammikuuta 1953, Mangunde) on mosambikilainen poliitikko, joka toimii RENAMO-puolueen johtajana. Dhlakama on osallistunut Mosambikin presidentinvaaleihin vuosina 1994, 1999 ja 2004. Hän on hävinnyt joka kerralla FRELIMO-puolueen edustajille. (fi)
- Afonso Macacho Marceta Dhlakama (pronuncia-se aproximadamente como Djacama), nascido a 1 de Janeiro de 1953, é o presidente da RENAMO, o principal partido político da oposição em Moçambique. Após a morte de André Matsangaíssa, assumiu a liderança da então guerrilha RENAMO, no auge da guerra civil moçambicana. A 4 de Outubro de 1992 assinou com Joaquim Chissano, em Roma, o Acordo Geral de Paz, pondo fim a uma guerra civil que durou cerca de 16 anos e que destruiu a economia e infra-estruturas do país, tendo provocado centenas de milhares de mortos. Desde então a RENAMO passou a ser um partido político, o segundo maior partido político de Moçambique. Ao contrário das suas reconhecidas capacidades de estratega militar, Afonso Dhlakama não tem tido o mesmo sucesso político, acumulando sucessivas derrotas nas três eleições presidenciais até agora realizadas neste país, e alegando sempre a existência de fraudes perpetradas pelo partido no poder para que isto venha acontecendo. Em situações de crise, recorre a um discurso mais belicista, que por vezes inclui ameaças de retorno à luta armada. A sua fraca tenacidade política resulta numa fraca oposição política em Moçambique. (pt)
- Afonso Macacho Marceta Dhlakama (* 1. Januar 1953 in Mangunde, Mosambik) ist der Präsident der RENAMO, der bedeutendsten Oppositionspartei Mosambiks. Nach dem Tod von André Matsangaissa übernahm er mitten im mosambikanischen Bürgerkrieg die Führung der damaligen Guerilla-Organisation RENAMO, die von der rhodesischen weißen Minderheitsregierung in ihrem Kampf gegen die marxistisch ausgerichtete FRELIMO (Frente da Libertação de Moçambique) unterstützt wurde. Seit 1989 hat sich die RENAMO zu einer demokratischen politischen Partei entwickelt. Am 4. Oktober 1992 unterzeichnete Dhlakama zusammen mit dem damaligen mosambikanischen Präsidenten Joaquim Alberto Chissano in Rom den Friedensvertrag, der dem seit 16 Jahren andauernden Bürgerkrieg ein Ende setzte. Durch den Krieg waren die Wirtschaft und die Infrastruktur des Landes zerstört worden, 900. 000 Menschen getötet und 1,3 Millionen Menschen zu Flüchtlingen geworden. Trotz seiner anerkannten Fähigkeit als Militärstratege waren Dhlakama große politische Erfolge bisher versagt. Er unterlag bei allen drei Präsidentschaftswahlen den Kandidaten der FRELIMO, die er wegen angeblicher Wahlfälschung beschuldigte. In schwierigen Zeiten schlägt Dhlakama einen kriegerischen Ton an und droht teilweise auch mit der Wiederaufnahme des bewaffneten Kampfes. Seine schwache politische Stellung zeigt die Schwäche der politischen Opposition in Mosambik. (de)
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| rdfs:comment
| - Afonso Marceta Macacho Dhlakama (born 1 January 1953 in Mangunde, Mozambique) is a Mozambican politician.He is the leader of the Mozambican National Resistance, a former anti-communist guerrilla organization that was formed and initially supported by the Rhodesian white minority government to oppose the Marxist Mozambique Liberation Front government. Later it was supported by the apartheid government in South Africa. The group has since transformed into the country's main opposition political party, since 1989. After RENAMO's first leader, André Matsangaissa, was killed by Mozambican government forces in 1979, Dklakama became leader after a violent succession struggle, in which rival Orlando Cristina was assassinated. (en)
- Afonso Dhlakama (*1953), is een Mozambikaans politicus. Dhlakama studeerde aan het Rooms-Katholieke seminarium. (nl)
- Afonso Macacho Marceta Dhlakama (se pronuncia como Djacama), nacido el 1 de enero de 1953, es el presidente de la RENAMO, el principal partido político de la oposición en Mozambique. (es)
- Afonso Marceta Macacho Dhlakama (s. 1. (fi)
- Afonso Macacho Marceta Dhlakama (pronuncia-se aproximadamente como Djacama), nascido a 1 de Janeiro de 1953, é o presidente da RENAMO (Resistência Nacional Moçambicana), o principal partido político da oposição em Moçambique. (pt)
- Afonso Macacho Marceta Dhlakama (* 1. Januar 1953 in Mangunde, Mosambik) ist der Präsident der RENAMO, der bedeutendsten Oppositionspartei Mosambiks. (de)
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