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- The action at Lanark was an attack at Lanark, Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence in May 1297. The Scotsman William Wallace led an uprising against the English and killed the Sheriff of Lanark, William Heselrig. The attack was not an isolated incident, but rather saw Wallace joining in with uprisings taking place across Scotland. Not much is definitely known about this incident. The best account comes from the Scalacronica by Thomas Grey, whose father, also called Thomas Grey, was present. A fracas broke out at a court being held by Heselrig, but Wallace was able to escape with help from an individual named Innes who may have been his wife. He then came back with some supporters and attacked Heselrig and his men, killed Heselrig, nearly killed Thomas Grey senior, and set fire to some houses. Wallace then continued with his rebellion, which culminated in his victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge four months later. It is unclear what Wallace was doing at Heselrig's court, and whether this was a spontaneous incident or if it was co-ordinated with other risings in Scotland. According to the 15th century poem The Wallace, written by Blind Harry, Wallace carried out the attack in revenge for the killing of his beloved wife by Heselrig. The identity of Wallace's wife is not known for certain, but her name is believed to be Marion Braidfute. Harry also claims that Wallace dismembered Heselrig's body. Wallace biographer Ed Archer published his findings in 2005 that disputed the existence of Marion Braidfute, as there had been no mention of her prior to a revised rendition of Blind Harry's poem in 1570, believed by Archer to have been commissioned by the Baillies of Lamington, to gain favor with Mary, Queen of Scots by claiming relation to Wallace through their Braidfute lineage. Fictionalised versions of this incident have appeared in various accounts of Wallace's life, notably in the 1995 film Braveheart, in which his wife was called Murron MacClannough, and her execution preceded the battle. (en)
- La révolte de Lanark est une attaque surprise à Lanark, pendant la Première guerre d’indépendance écossaise en 1297. Elle est conduite par l'Écossais William Wallace qui lance une insurrection contre les Anglais et tue le shérif William Heselrig. La révolte est décrite dans la Scalacronica. Wallace s'échappa d'un tribunal présidé par Heselrig grâce à l'aide d'une jeune femme (qui aurait pu être son épouse) et lança une insurrection avec des soutiens contre les Anglais. Le shérif fut tué. Harry l'Aveugle affirme que Wallace voulait venger la mort de son épouse Marion Braidfute, qui aurait été tuée par Heselrig. Cependant, il existe peu de preuves pouvant confirmer l'existence de cette jeune femme. Harry écrit que Wallace aurait ensuite démembré le cadavre de Heselrig. Cette victoire écossaise est un prélude au raid de Scone et à la bataille du pont de Stirling la même année. Dans le film Braveheart de Mel Gibson en 1995, l'exécution de la femme de Wallace, Murron MacClannough, pousse ce dernier à la rébellion. (fr)
- La rivolta di Lanark o azione di Lanark fu un assassinio avvenuto nel maggio 1297 durante la Prima guerra d'indipendenza scozzese, a opera di William Wallace. Wallace guidò una rivolta contro gli Inglesi che occupavano Lanark e uccise lo sceriffo William Heselrig. Le rivolte che avvennero contemporaneamente in Scozia dimostrano che non fu un'azione isolata. Non si conosce molto di questa rivolta. La fonte principale è lo Scalacronica, una cronaca scritta da Thomas Grey, figlio di un altro Thomas Grey che fu testimone del 1297. Sembra che in una corte giudiziaria tenuta dallo sceriffo Heselrig fosse scoppiato un diverbio e che William Wallace riuscì a fuggire con l'aiuto di una donna che forse era sua moglie. Poi Wallace tornò con i propri uomini e uccise Heselrig, quindi diede alle fiamme alcune case di Lanark. La rivolta di Wallace continuò ancora per alcuni mesi, culminando nella vittoria alla battaglia di Stirling. Rimane senza spiegazione il perché Wallace si trovasse alla corte di Heselrig. (it)
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- William Heselrig (en)
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- the First War of Scottish Independence (en)
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- The action at Lanark was an attack at Lanark, Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence in May 1297. The Scotsman William Wallace led an uprising against the English and killed the Sheriff of Lanark, William Heselrig. The attack was not an isolated incident, but rather saw Wallace joining in with uprisings taking place across Scotland. It is unclear what Wallace was doing at Heselrig's court, and whether this was a spontaneous incident or if it was co-ordinated with other risings in Scotland. (en)
- La révolte de Lanark est une attaque surprise à Lanark, pendant la Première guerre d’indépendance écossaise en 1297. Elle est conduite par l'Écossais William Wallace qui lance une insurrection contre les Anglais et tue le shérif William Heselrig. La révolte est décrite dans la Scalacronica. Wallace s'échappa d'un tribunal présidé par Heselrig grâce à l'aide d'une jeune femme (qui aurait pu être son épouse) et lança une insurrection avec des soutiens contre les Anglais. Le shérif fut tué. Cette victoire écossaise est un prélude au raid de Scone et à la bataille du pont de Stirling la même année. (fr)
- La rivolta di Lanark o azione di Lanark fu un assassinio avvenuto nel maggio 1297 durante la Prima guerra d'indipendenza scozzese, a opera di William Wallace. Wallace guidò una rivolta contro gli Inglesi che occupavano Lanark e uccise lo sceriffo William Heselrig. Le rivolte che avvennero contemporaneamente in Scozia dimostrano che non fu un'azione isolata. Rimane senza spiegazione il perché Wallace si trovasse alla corte di Heselrig. (it)
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- Action at Lanark (en)
- Révolte de Lanark (fr)
- Rivolta di Lanark (it)
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