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The 1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections were held in the middle of President Ulysses S. Grant's second term with a deep economic depression underway. It was an important turning point, as the Republicans lost heavily and the Democrats gained control of the House. It signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed. Historians emphasize the factors of economic depression and attacks on the Grant administration for corruption as key factors in the vote. Rhodes continues:

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dbo:abstract
  • The 1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections were held in the middle of President Ulysses S. Grant's second term with a deep economic depression underway. It was an important turning point, as the Republicans lost heavily and the Democrats gained control of the House. It signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed. Historians emphasize the factors of economic depression and attacks on the Grant administration for corruption as key factors in the vote. With the election following the Panic of 1873, Grant's Republican Party was crushed in the elections, losing their majority and almost half their seats to the Democratic Party. This was the first period of Democratic control since the pre-war era. The economic crisis and the inability of Grant to find a solution led to his party's defeat. This was the second-largest swing in the history of the House (only behind the 1894 elections), and is the largest House loss in the history of the Republican Party. In the south, the Democrats continued their systematic destruction of the Republican coalition. In the South, Scalawags moved into the Democratic Party. The Democratic landslide signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed and a realignment of the Republican coalition that had dominated American politics since the late 1850s. While the ongoing end of Reconstruction in the South was one of the main reasons for the shift, turn-of-the-century historian James Ford Rhodes explored the multiple causes of the results in the North: In the fall elections of 1874 the issue was clearly defined: Did the Republican President Ulysses S. Grant and Congress deserve the confidence of the country? and the answer was unmistakably No ...The Democrats had won a signal victory, obtaining control of the next House of Representatives which would stand Democrats 168, Liberals and Independents 14, Republicans 108 as against the two-thirds Republican majority secured by the election of 1872. Since 1861 the Republicans had controlled the House and now with its loss came a decrease in their majority in the Senate ... Rhodes continues: The political revolution from 1872 to 1874 was due to the failure of the Southern policy of the Republican party, to the Credit Mobilier and Sanborn contract scandals, to corrupt and inefficient administration in many departments and to the persistent advocacy of Grant by some close friends and hangers-on for a third presidential term. Some among the opposition were influenced by the President's backsliding in the cause of civil service reform, and others by the failure of the Republican party to grapple successfully with the financial question. The depression, following the financial Panic of 1873, and the number of men consequently out of employment weighed in the scale against the party in power. In Ohio, the result was affected by the temperance crusade in the early part of the year. Bands of women of good social standing marched to saloons before which or in which they sang hymns and, kneeling down, prayed that the great evil of drink might be removed. Sympathizing men wrought with them in causing the strict law of the State against the sale of strong liquor to be rigidly enforced. Since Republicans were in the main the instigators of the movement, it alienated from their party a large portion of the German American vote. (en)
  • Die Wahlen zum Repräsentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten 1874 fanden ab dem 1. Juni 1874 statt. Dabei wurden in den Vereinigten Staaten an verschiedenen Wahltagen die Abgeordneten des Repräsentantenhauses gewählt. Die Mehrheit der Staaten wählte am 3. November 1874. Die Wahlen waren Teil der allgemeinen Wahlen zum 44. Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten in jenem Jahr, bei denen auch ein Drittel der US-Senatoren gewählt wurden. Da die Wahlen etwa in der Mitte der zweiten Amtszeit des Republikanischen Präsidenten Ulysses S. Grant stattfanden (Midterm Election), galten sie auch als Votum über die bisherige Politik des Präsidenten. Zum Zeitpunkt der Wahlen bestanden die Vereinigten Staaten aus 37 Bundesstaaten. Die Zahl der zu wählenden Abgeordneten war 293. Die Sitzverteilung basierte auf der Volkszählung von 1870. Bei den Wahlen mussten die Republikaner herbe Verluste hinnehmen. Sie verloren 96 Sitze und büßten ihre absolute Mehrheit ein. Auf der anderen Seite gewannen die Demokraten 94 Sitze hinzu. Damit konnten sie mit nunmehr 182 Abgeordneten die Mehrheit im Repräsentantenhaus stellen. Die Hauptgründe für diese enorme Verschiebung der Kräfteverhältnisse waren eine im Jahr 1873 ausgebrochene Wirtschaftskrise, die zum Zeitpunkt der Wahl immer noch anhielt. Die Wähler machten die Republikanisch geführte Bundesregierung dafür verantwortlich. Zum anderen gab es gegen die Regierung von Präsident Grant auch massive Korruptionsvorwürfe, die sich ebenfalls negativ auf das republikanische Wahlergebnis auswirkten. Der Umschwung zu Gunsten der Demokraten war auch ein Signal zum baldigen Ende der Reconstruction, das dann zwei Jahre später vollzogen wurde. Wahlberechtigt und wählbar waren nur Männer. Frauen waren noch bis 1920 auf Bundesebene von Wahlen ausgeschlossen. Allmählich wurde aber vor allem in den Südstaaten das Wahlrecht durch Gesetze eingeschränkt, die dieses Recht an ein bestimmtes Steueraufkommen knüpften. Dadurch wurden ärmere Weiße vor allem aber viele Afro-Amerikaner wieder vom Wahlrecht ausgeschlossen. (de)
  • 1874년 미국 하원의원 선거는 1874년 미국에서 치러진 하원의원 선거로, 1873년 공황의 여파로 야당인 민주당이 과반을 차지하였다 (ko)
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  • 1874년 미국 하원의원 선거는 1874년 미국에서 치러진 하원의원 선거로, 1873년 공황의 여파로 야당인 민주당이 과반을 차지하였다 (ko)
  • The 1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections were held in the middle of President Ulysses S. Grant's second term with a deep economic depression underway. It was an important turning point, as the Republicans lost heavily and the Democrats gained control of the House. It signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed. Historians emphasize the factors of economic depression and attacks on the Grant administration for corruption as key factors in the vote. Rhodes continues: (en)
  • Die Wahlen zum Repräsentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten 1874 fanden ab dem 1. Juni 1874 statt. Dabei wurden in den Vereinigten Staaten an verschiedenen Wahltagen die Abgeordneten des Repräsentantenhauses gewählt. Die Mehrheit der Staaten wählte am 3. November 1874. Die Wahlen waren Teil der allgemeinen Wahlen zum 44. Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten in jenem Jahr, bei denen auch ein Drittel der US-Senatoren gewählt wurden. Da die Wahlen etwa in der Mitte der zweiten Amtszeit des Republikanischen Präsidenten Ulysses S. Grant stattfanden (Midterm Election), galten sie auch als Votum über die bisherige Politik des Präsidenten. (de)
rdfs:label
  • Wahlen zum Repräsentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten 1874 (de)
  • 1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections (en)
  • 1874년 미국 하원의원 선거 (ko)
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