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- The 138th Rifle Division was twice formed as an infantry division of the Red Army, first as part of the buildup of forces immediately after the start of World War II in Europe. The first formation was based on the shtat (table of organization and equipment) of September 13, 1939 and under this organization it took part in the Winter War against Finland, arriving at the front north of Leningrad in December and performing so capably in the battles in early 1940 that it was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Following this it was converted to serve for two years as a mountain rifle division in the Caucasus region. Following Operation Barbarossa and the German invasion of the Crimea elements of the division were committed to amphibious landings behind enemy lines in early 1942 but these proved abortive. Soon after the 138th was converted back to a standard rifle division. Arriving on the southern approaches to Stalingrad in late July the division fought on the approaches to the city through August and into September before it was assigned to 62nd Army and shipped into the factory district in mid-October. Well into November it played a leading role in defending the Barricades (Barrikady) ordnance factory, eventually becoming isolated in a thin strip of land between the factory and the Volga which became known as "Lyudnikov's Island" after its commanding officer. Following the Soviet counteroffensive that encircled the German 6th Army and other Axis forces in and near Stalingrad the division restored contact with the rest of its Army and then helped eliminate its trapped foes, for which it was raised to Guards status as the 70th Guards Rifle Division. A new 138th was raised in May 1943 under the "shtat" of December 10, 1942, based on two rifle brigades, one of which was naval infantry from the Leningrad area and one of which was from central Asia. It first saw action in the advance through eastern Ukraine following the Battle of Kursk, and took part in the battle for the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket. Later in 1944 it drove into the western Ukraine, eventually into the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains, and from the autumn of that year until the spring of 1945 advanced through the difficult terrain of Slovakia, winning its own Order of the Red Banner in the process and ending the war in eastern Moravia. This formation of the division was disbanded shortly after the fighting ended. (en)
- 138-я стрелко́вая Краснознамённая диви́зия — стрелковое соединение РККА Вооружённых Сил СССР, до и во время Великой Отечественной войны. Сокращённое наименование — 138 сд. (ru)
- 第138步兵师是苏联红军的一个步兵师，该部队曾两次组建，第一次是在第二次世界大战爆发后作为战略预备部队而组建。第一次组建的第138步兵师参加了对芬兰的冬季战争，其于12月抵达列宁格勒以北的前线，并在战斗中表现出色。1940年初，它被授予红旗勋章。在此之后，它被转入高加索地区，成为山地步枪师，并开始为期两年的驻扎任务。在巴巴罗萨行动和德国入侵克里米亚之后，该师的一部分于1942年初致力于在敌后进行两栖登陆，但这些计划都被证明是失败的。不久后，第138师被改回标准步枪师。该师于7月下旬抵达斯大林格勒的南部道路，在通往城市的道路上战斗到8月和9月，然后被分配到第62集团军并于10月中旬运往斯大林格勒郊外的工业区。一直到11月，它在保卫军械工厂方面发挥了主导作用，但最终该部被孤立在工厂和伏尔加河之间的一片狭长地带。在苏联对斯大林格勒及德国第6集团军和其他轴心国部队进行反攻之后，该师恢复了与其余军队的联系，然后帮助消灭了被困的敌人，为此第138步兵师被升级为为第70近卫步枪师。 1943年5月，苏联红军组建了新的第138步兵师，其基础是两个步枪旅，一个是来自列宁格勒地区的海军步兵，另一个来自中亚。该部在库尔斯克战役后开始向乌克兰东部推进，并参加了科尔逊-切尔卡瑟口袋战役。1944年晚些时候，该部攻入乌克兰西部，最终进入喀尔巴阡山脉的山麓，并从当年秋天至1945年春天穿过斯洛伐克的艰难地形，在此过程中赢得了自己的红旗勋章。第二次世界大战结束后不久，这个师的编队就被解散了。 (zh)
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- Carpathian (2nd Formation)
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- Col. Ivan Stepanovich Prutkov (en)
- Col. Mikhail Yakovlevich Pimenov (en)
- Col. Pavel Maksimovich Yagunov (en)
- Col. Vasilii Efimovich Vasilev (en)
- Col. Viktor Ivanovich Rutko (en)
- Kombrig Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Khadeev (en)
- Kombrig Aleksandr Ivanovich Pastrevich (en)
- Maj. Gen. Ivan Ilich Lyudnikov 10px (en)
- Maj. Gen. Yakov Andreevich Ishchenko (en)
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- 138-я стрелко́вая Краснознамённая диви́зия — стрелковое соединение РККА Вооружённых Сил СССР, до и во время Великой Отечественной войны. Сокращённое наименование — 138 сд. (ru)
- The 138th Rifle Division was twice formed as an infantry division of the Red Army, first as part of the buildup of forces immediately after the start of World War II in Europe. The first formation was based on the shtat (table of organization and equipment) of September 13, 1939 and under this organization it took part in the Winter War against Finland, arriving at the front north of Leningrad in December and performing so capably in the battles in early 1940 that it was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Following this it was converted to serve for two years as a mountain rifle division in the Caucasus region. Following Operation Barbarossa and the German invasion of the Crimea elements of the division were committed to amphibious landings behind enemy lines in early 1942 but these prov (en)
- 第138步兵师是苏联红军的一个步兵师，该部队曾两次组建，第一次是在第二次世界大战爆发后作为战略预备部队而组建。第一次组建的第138步兵师参加了对芬兰的冬季战争，其于12月抵达列宁格勒以北的前线，并在战斗中表现出色。1940年初，它被授予红旗勋章。在此之后，它被转入高加索地区，成为山地步枪师，并开始为期两年的驻扎任务。在巴巴罗萨行动和德国入侵克里米亚之后，该师的一部分于1942年初致力于在敌后进行两栖登陆，但这些计划都被证明是失败的。不久后，第138师被改回标准步枪师。该师于7月下旬抵达斯大林格勒的南部道路，在通往城市的道路上战斗到8月和9月，然后被分配到第62集团军并于10月中旬运往斯大林格勒郊外的工业区。一直到11月，它在保卫军械工厂方面发挥了主导作用，但最终该部被孤立在工厂和伏尔加河之间的一片狭长地带。在苏联对斯大林格勒及德国第6集团军和其他轴心国部队进行反攻之后，该师恢复了与其余军队的联系，然后帮助消灭了被困的敌人，为此第138步兵师被升级为为第70近卫步枪师。 (zh)
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- 138th Rifle Division (en)
- 138-я стрелковая дивизия (1-го формирования) (ru)
- 苏联步兵第138师 (zh)
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- 138th Rifle Division (May 1943 - July 1945) (en)
- 138th Rifle Division (September 1939 - March 14, 1941) (en)
- 138th Rifle Division (April 8, 1942 - February 7, 1943) (en)
- 138th Mountain Rifle Division (March 14, 1941 - April 8, 1942 (en)
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