| p:abstract
| - 10NES was the authentication code for the American Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) video game console. The system consisted of two parts--a computer chip in the NES that would check the cartridge in the system for authentication, and a chip in the cartridge that would give the 10NES code upon demand. If the cartridge did not provide the authentication, then the system would not boot up. The 10NES was patented under U.S. Patent 4,799,635 and the source code was copyrighted; only Nintendo could produce the authorization chips. The patent covering the 10NES expired on January 24, 2006, although the copyright is still in effect. Various companies found ways to bypass the authorization chip:* Most unlicensed companies created circuits that used a voltage spike to knock the authentication unit in the NES offline.* A few unlicensed games released in Europe and Australia came in the form of a dongle that would be connected to a licensed cartridge, in order to use that cartridge’s 10NES lockout chip for authentication.* Tengen took a different tactic: the corporation obtained a description of the code in the lockout chip from the United States Copyright Office by falsely claiming that it was required to defend against present infringement claims in a legal case. Tengen then used these documents to design their Rabbit chip, which duplicated the function of the 10NES. Nintendo sued Tengen for these actions. The court found that Tengen did not violate the copyright for copying the portion of code necessary to defeat the protection with current NES consoles, but did violate the copyright for copying portions of the code not being used in the communication between the chip and console. Tengen had copied this code in its entirety because future console releases could have been engineered to pick up the discrepancy. On the initial claim, the court sided with Nintendo on the issue of patent infringement, but noted that Nintendo’s patent would likely be deemed obvious as it was basically U.S. Patent 4,736,419 with the addition of a reset pin, which was at the time already commonplace in the world of electronics. Therefore, while Nintendo was the winner of the initial trial, before they could actually enforce the ruling they would need to have the patent hold up under scrutiny, as well as address Tengen’s antitrust claims. Before this occurred, the sides settled. The above course of events is disputed by Ed Logg in an interview by Atari historian 'tsr'::Ed Logg: ... Unfortunately there was a fiasco; one of our lawyers went to the patent office and actually sent a copy of the stuff [Nintendo's patents] to Atari. And whether or not we actually looked at it, we basically were tainted.:tsr: Yeah, Game Over painted Tengen as basically stealing the patents for the lockout chip.:EL: The trouble was it was already done before we saw it. We had already done the Rabbit chip long before we had seen it. So it's already done, and we see this and we're like "Oh shit". :tsr: So you know for a fact the Rabbit was 100% original?:EL: Yeah. I walked into the lab and they were reverse engineering the chip, and I asked what they were doing and they said "Don't ask". So I know the company was doing it, and I knew the people involved doing it. (en)
- 10NES est le mécanisme d'authentification de la console de jeux vidéo Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). Le mécanisme est composé de deux parties : une puce dans la NES qui examine la cartouche une fois insérée pour assurer l'authentification, et une puce dans la cartouche qui donne le code 10NES à la demande. Si la cartouche ne fournit pas l'authentification, alors la console ne démarre pas.Le 10NES a été breveté et le code source a été protégé par les droits d'auteur; seul Nintendo a pu produire les puces de sécurité.Le brevet couvrant le 10NES a expiré le 24 janvier 2006, bien que le copyright sur les cartouches soit toujours en effet. (fr)
- 10NES oli aitouden varmistamiseen käytettävä koodi jota käytettiin Nintendo Entertainment System -konsolilla. Systeemi koostui kahdesta osasta: mikrosirusta NES:ssä joka tarkisti pelikasetin aitouden sekä mikrosirusta pelikasetissa, joka antoi laitteelle 10NES-koodin. Jos kasetti ei todistanut aitouttaan, laite ei käynnistynyt. 10NES oli patentoitu; vain Nintendo pystyi valmistamaan aitoja, hyväksyttäviä kasetteja, tosin patentti on hiljattain mennyt umpeen. Lukuisat yritykset löysivät tapoja ohittaa mikrosirun. Useimmat lisensoimattomat yritykset loivat sähköpiirejä, jotka käyttivät jännitepiikkiä poistakseen NES:n aitouden varmistamis -mikrosirun pois käytöstä. Tengen otti erilaisen suunnan: yritys hankki mikrosirusta kuvauksen Yhdysvaltojen tekijänoikeustoimistosta valheellisesti väittäen, että se oli tarpeellista mahdolliseen oikeudenkäyntiin Nintendoa vastaan. Tengen käytti hankkimaansa aineistoa valmistaakseen Rabbit-mikrosirun, joka jäljensi 10NES:n toiminnon. Nintendo haastoi Tengenin oikeuteen tästä, mutta käsittely päättyi tuloksettomana epäselvien patenttiasioiden takia. Muutama lisensoimaton peli pääsi Euroopan ja Australian markkinoille. Pelit toimivat käyttäen hyväksi jonkun lisensoidun kasetin 10NES-mikrosirua. (fi)
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