About: Šarhūda

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Šarhūda (Manchu:ᡧᠠᡵᡥᡥᡡᡩᠠ, Mölendroff: šarhūda), known also under the Chinese transcription of his name, Shaerhuda (simplified Chinese: 沙尔虎达; traditional Chinese: 沙爾虎達; 1599–1659), was an ethnic Manchu military commander during the early Qing dynasty, active both before and after the Qing conquest of China proper. This victory was said to have cleared the Amur Valley from major Russian presence until 1669, when the Russians built Albazin much farther upstream (and much closer to their bases in the Transbaikalia).

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  • Šarhuda (mandžusky , čínsky v českém přepisu Ša-er-chu-ta, pchin-jinem Shāěrhǔdá, znaky zjednodušené 沙尔虎达, tradiční 沙爾虎達, 1599 – 1659) byl mandžuský vojevůdce, generál vojsk říše Čching. (cs)
  • 샤르후다(만주어: ᡧᠠᡵᡥᡡᡩᠠ Šarhūda, 한국 한자: 沙爾虎達, 1599년 ~ 1659년)은 만주족 구왈기야 할라(瓜尔佳氏) 집안으로 팔기 중 양람기(镶蓝旗)에 배속되어 있었으며, 청(清) 왕조 초기의 장령(将领)이다. 사르후다의 선조는 여진족 소완부(苏完部) 사람으로 후이허(虎尔哈)에 거주하였으며 후에 아버지 기야러허(桂勒赫)와 함께 누르하치에게 귀부하였고, 니루 어전(牛彔额真ᠨ᠋ᡳᡵᡠᡝᠵᡝᠨ, niru ejen)의 지위를 받았다. 천명(天命) 초년에 누르하치를 따라 와르카부를 공격하였고 이때 세운 공으로 대대로 비어(備禦)에 봉해지게 되었다. 천총(天聪) 원년에 홍타이지를 따라 대릉하(大凌河)를 공격하였고 금주(锦州)를 포위하며 누차 전공을 세웠다. 3년 뒤에는 명(朝)을 공격하였고 준화(遵化)를 쳐서 함락시켰다. 이때 사르후다는 성 바깥에 있으면서 명군을 격파하였고, 이 공으로 진봉되어 유격(游击)을 세습하게 되었다. 그뒤 병자호란이나 이자성(李自成)을 치는 전투에도 참전하였다. 순치(顺治) 15년(1658년) 러시아와의 국경 분쟁인 나선정벌에 참전하였다. 이듬해인 16년(1659년)에 병으로 사망하였다. 시호를 양장(襄壮)이라고 하였으며, 그 아들 바하이(巴海)가 그의 작위를 이어받았다. (ko)
  • Šarhūda (Manchu:ᡧᠠᡵᡥᡥᡡᡩᠠ, Mölendroff: šarhūda), known also under the Chinese transcription of his name, Shaerhuda (simplified Chinese: 沙尔虎达; traditional Chinese: 沙爾虎達; 1599–1659), was an ethnic Manchu military commander during the early Qing dynasty, active both before and after the Qing conquest of China proper. Sarhuda was a member of the Guwalgiya clan of the Suwan (蘇完) Manchu tribe living in the Hurka River Valley.Along with his father he joined Nurhaci-led Manchu forces; they were assigned to the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner.Sarhuda fought both in the Manchus' campaigns against the Ming and in the operations to expand the Manchu control over the native tribes of what today is Heilongjiang Province. When the Manchus led by Dorgon crossed the Great Wall of China in 1644, Sarhuda commanded the vanguard division, which entered Beijing and later pursued the ousted usurper Li Zicheng to Dongguan, Shaanxi. Later on, he fought against the loyalist Ming forces in the provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Jiangxi. In recognition of his services, he was promoted the position of deputy lieutenant-general of the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner, and granted the hereditary rank of baron (男) of the first class. In February 1652 Sarhuda was appointed the commander of the troops of the newly created garrison at Ninguta, which was at the time the main Manchu garrison not just in the Hurka Valley, but in all of Manchuria north of the Willow Palisade. In June 1653, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general (昂邦章京, Angbang-zhangjing; Manchu: amban-jianggin) of Ninguta. In 1658 Sarhuda conducted a campaign against the Russian Cossacks led by Onufriy Stepanov, who had been extracting tribute from the natives of the middle Amur valley. Sarhuda's fleet of some 40 (or 45) boats, manned by Manchu soldiers and a Korean contingent led by General Shin Ryu, totaling about 1400 people, descended the Hurka and the Sungari, and on the 10th day of the 6th month of the Chinese calendar (i.e., some time in July) encountered Onufriy Stepanov's 11-boat fleet with over 400 Cossacks aboard near the fall of Sungari into the Amur. The Russian ships retreated some 30 li down the Amur, when the artillery battle between the two fleets began. Sarhuda's and Shin Ryu's Manchu-Korean force killed Stepanov and destroyed most of his force; out of 11 Russian ships, 7 was burned, 3 captured by the Manchu-Korean force, and 1, although it was initially captured, was recaptured by some Russian survivors of the battle, who used it to get away. Ten Russians were taken prisoners, and around a hundred Ducher women, which had been kept by the Cossacks aboard their ships, were released. The Manchus also captured over 300 flintlock small arms. Despite the Koreans' requests to share the captured weapons (which were a novelty in this region at the time) with them, Sarhuda did not give them any. This victory was said to have cleared the Amur Valley from major Russian presence until 1669, when the Russians built Albazin much farther upstream (and much closer to their bases in the Transbaikalia). Sarhuda died the following year (1659), and was canonised as Xiangzhuang (襄壯). Sarhuda's son, Bahai (巴海), inherited his father's rank and replaced him as the commander of the Ninguta garrison; he also campaigned against the Russians. (en)
  • Шархуда (Шархода) (маньчж.: , кит. трад. 沙爾虎達, упр. 沙尔虎达, 1599—1659) — маньчжурский полководец. Шархуда был из клана Гувалгия племени Сувань, проживавшего в долине реки Муданьцзян. Вместе с отцом вошёл в объединение племён, создававшееся Нурхаци, и был приписан к синему с каймой «знамени». Когда в 1644 году маньчжурские войска под командованием князя Доргоня прошли сквозь Великую стену, то Шархуда возглавлял авангард, который вошёл в Пекин, а затем преследовал повстанческого лидера Ли Цзычэна вплоть до провинции Шэньси. Позднее он воевал против войск Южной Мин в провинциях Цзянсу, Чжэцзян, Шаньдун и Цзянси. В знак признания заслуг был повышен до заместителя командующего синего с каймой «знамени» и ему был пожалован наследственный титул «нань» (男) первого класса. В феврале 1652 года Шархуда был поставлен во главе гарнизона Нингуты, и стал отвечать за оборону всех земель к северу от Ивового палисада. В 1653 году он стал амбань-цзянгином, в 1654 году разбил на Сунгари отряд русских казаков под руководством Онуфрия Степанова. В 1658 году, получив подкрепление из находившейся в вассальной зависимости от маньчжуров Кореи, Шархуда окончательно разгромил Степанова, надолго выбив русских из Приамурья. Скончался в 1659 году. Его титул и должность были унаследованы сыном Бахаем. (ru)
  • 沙尔虎达(满语:ᡧᠠᡵᡥᡡᡩᠠ,穆麟德轉寫:Šarhūda,1599年-1659年),瓜尔佳氏,满洲镶蓝旗人,清朝初年将领。 沙尔虎达的先祖是人,居虎尔哈,后来与父亲一起投奔努尔哈赤,被授予牛录额真。天命初年,跟随努尔哈赤讨伐,因功封世职备御。天聪元年,跟随皇太极攻大凌河、包围锦州,屡立战功。三年讨伐明朝,攻下遵化,沙尔虎达在城外大破明军,进封世袭游击。 此后,又参与征伐朝鲜的丙子之役以及讨伐李自成的战斗。顺治十五年,俄罗斯入侵满洲,他率军将俄军击退。十六年病卒,谥襄壮,其子巴海袭爵。 (zh)
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  • 沙尔虎达 (en)
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  • Šarhuda (mandžusky , čínsky v českém přepisu Ša-er-chu-ta, pchin-jinem Shāěrhǔdá, znaky zjednodušené 沙尔虎达, tradiční 沙爾虎達, 1599 – 1659) byl mandžuský vojevůdce, generál vojsk říše Čching. (cs)
  • 沙尔虎达(满语:ᡧᠠᡵᡥᡡᡩᠠ,穆麟德轉寫:Šarhūda,1599年-1659年),瓜尔佳氏,满洲镶蓝旗人,清朝初年将领。 沙尔虎达的先祖是人,居虎尔哈,后来与父亲一起投奔努尔哈赤,被授予牛录额真。天命初年,跟随努尔哈赤讨伐,因功封世职备御。天聪元年,跟随皇太极攻大凌河、包围锦州,屡立战功。三年讨伐明朝,攻下遵化,沙尔虎达在城外大破明军,进封世袭游击。 此后,又参与征伐朝鲜的丙子之役以及讨伐李自成的战斗。顺治十五年,俄罗斯入侵满洲,他率军将俄军击退。十六年病卒,谥襄壮,其子巴海袭爵。 (zh)
  • Šarhūda (Manchu:ᡧᠠᡵᡥᡥᡡᡩᠠ, Mölendroff: šarhūda), known also under the Chinese transcription of his name, Shaerhuda (simplified Chinese: 沙尔虎达; traditional Chinese: 沙爾虎達; 1599–1659), was an ethnic Manchu military commander during the early Qing dynasty, active both before and after the Qing conquest of China proper. This victory was said to have cleared the Amur Valley from major Russian presence until 1669, when the Russians built Albazin much farther upstream (and much closer to their bases in the Transbaikalia). (en)
  • 샤르후다(만주어: ᡧᠠᡵᡥᡡᡩᠠ Šarhūda, 한국 한자: 沙爾虎達, 1599년 ~ 1659년)은 만주족 구왈기야 할라(瓜尔佳氏) 집안으로 팔기 중 양람기(镶蓝旗)에 배속되어 있었으며, 청(清) 왕조 초기의 장령(将领)이다. 사르후다의 선조는 여진족 소완부(苏完部) 사람으로 후이허(虎尔哈)에 거주하였으며 후에 아버지 기야러허(桂勒赫)와 함께 누르하치에게 귀부하였고, 니루 어전(牛彔额真ᠨ᠋ᡳᡵᡠᡝᠵᡝᠨ, niru ejen)의 지위를 받았다. 천명(天命) 초년에 누르하치를 따라 와르카부를 공격하였고 이때 세운 공으로 대대로 비어(備禦)에 봉해지게 되었다. 천총(天聪) 원년에 홍타이지를 따라 대릉하(大凌河)를 공격하였고 금주(锦州)를 포위하며 누차 전공을 세웠다. 3년 뒤에는 명(朝)을 공격하였고 준화(遵化)를 쳐서 함락시켰다. 이때 사르후다는 성 바깥에 있으면서 명군을 격파하였고, 이 공으로 진봉되어 유격(游击)을 세습하게 되었다. 그뒤 병자호란이나 이자성(李自成)을 치는 전투에도 참전하였다. 순치(顺治) 15년(1658년) 러시아와의 국경 분쟁인 나선정벌에 참전하였다. (ko)
  • Шархуда (Шархода) (маньчж.: , кит. трад. 沙爾虎達, упр. 沙尔虎达, 1599—1659) — маньчжурский полководец. Шархуда был из клана Гувалгия племени Сувань, проживавшего в долине реки Муданьцзян. Вместе с отцом вошёл в объединение племён, создававшееся Нурхаци, и был приписан к синему с каймой «знамени». В феврале 1652 года Шархуда был поставлен во главе гарнизона Нингуты, и стал отвечать за оборону всех земель к северу от Ивового палисада. В 1653 году он стал амбань-цзянгином, в 1654 году разбил на Сунгари отряд русских казаков под руководством Онуфрия Степанова. (ru)
rdfs:label
  • Šarhuda (cs)
  • 샤르후다 (ko)
  • Шархуда (ru)
  • Šarhūda (en)
  • 沙爾虎達 (zh)
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