The R1 (later called XCON, for eXpert CONfigurer) program was a production-rule-based system written in OPS5 by John P. McDermott of CMU in 1978 to assist in the ordering of DEC's VAX computer systems by automatically selecting the computer system components based on the customer's requirements. The development of XCON followed two previous unsuccessful efforts to write an expert system for this task, in FORTRAN and BASIC).

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  • The R1 (later called XCON, for eXpert CONfigurer) program was a production-rule-based system written in OPS5 by John P. McDermott of CMU in 1978 to assist in the ordering of DEC's VAX computer systems by automatically selecting the computer system components based on the customer's requirements. The development of XCON followed two previous unsuccessful efforts to write an expert system for this task, in FORTRAN and BASIC). XCON first went into use in 1980 in DEC's plant in Salem, New Hampshire. It eventually had about 2500 rules. By 1986, it had processed 80,000 orders, and achieved 95-98% accuracy. It was estimated to be saving DEC $25M a year by reducing the need to give customers free components when technicians made errors, by speeding the assembly process, and by increasing customer satisfaction. Before XCON, when ordering a VAX from DEC, every cable, connection, and bit of software had to be ordered separately. (Computers and peripherals were not sold complete in boxes as they are today). The sales people were not always very technically expert, so customers would find that they had hardware without the correct cables, printers without the correct drivers, a processor without the correct language chip, and so on. This meant delays and caused a lot of customer dissatisfaction and resultant legal action. XCON interacted with the sales person, asking critical questions before printing out a coherent and workable system specification/order slip. XCON's success led DEC to rewrite XCON as XSEL- a version of XCON intended for use by DEC's salesforce to aid a customer in properly configuring their VAX (so they wouldn't, say, choose a computer too large to fit through their doorway or choose too few cabinets for the components to fit in). Location problems and configuration were handled by yet another expert system, XSITE. McDermott's 1980 paper on R1 won the AAAI Classic Paper Award in 1999. Legendarily, the name of R1 comes from McDermott, who supposedly said as he was writing it, "Three years ago I wanted to be a knowledge engineer, and today I are one."
  • El programa R1 (luego llamado XCON, por Configurador Experto) era un sistema de producción basado en reglas escrito en OPS5 por John P. McDermott de CMU en 1978 para asistir a los pedidos de los sistemas de computadores VAX de DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) seleccionando los componentes del sistema de acuerdo a los requerimientos del cliente. El desarrollo de XCON siguió a dos fracasos de escribir un sistema experto para esta tarea en FORTRAN y BASIC. XCON se usó por primera vez en la planta de DEC en Salem, New Hampshire. Este tenía alrededor de 2500 reglas. Para 1986, había procesado 80000 órdenes y alcanzaba un 95-98% de precisión. Se estimaba que le ahorraba a DEC 25 millones de dólares al año reduciendo la necesidad de dar a los clientes componentes gratuitos cuando los técnicos cometían errores, aumentando la velocidad del proceso de ensamblaje e incrementando la satisfacción del cliente. Antes de XCON, cuando se pedía una VAX de DEC, cada cable, conexión y bit del software tenía que pedirse por separado (las computadoras y periféricos no se vendían completas en cajas como hoy en día). El personal de ventas no siempre era experto técnicamente, así que los clientes podían encontrar que tenían hardware sin los cables correctos, impresoras sin los drivers correctos, procesadores sin el lenguaje correcto, etc. Esto significaba demoras y provocaba una gran insatisfacción en el cliente y podía terminar en una acción legal. XCON interactuó con el personal de Ventas, haciendo preguntas críticas antes de imprimir una hoja de especificaciones para sistema coherente y efectivo. El éxito de XCON llevó a DEC a reescribir XCON como XSEL (una versión de XCON creada para ser usada por el departamento de ventas de DEC para auxiliar a los clientes a configurar apropiadamente su VAX . Los problemas de locación y de configuración todavía eran manejados por otro sistema experto, XSITE. El paper de McDermott sobre el R1 ganó el AAAI Clasic Paper Award en 1999. Legendariamente, el nombre de R1 viene de McDermott, quien se supone que dijo mientras lo escribía, "tres años atrás quería ser un ingeniero de conocimientos, y hoy yo somos uno" --> "Three years ago I wanted to be a Knowledge engineer, and today I are one"
  • R1（后来被称为XCON，eXpert CONfigurer的所写，意为专家设置）程序是基于生产规则的系统，由卡内基梅隆大学的John P. McDermott在1978年用OPS5开发。其目的是按照用户的需求，帮助DEC为VAX型计算机系统自动选择组件。XCON的开发继承了两个之前用FORTRAN语言和BASIC语言未成功的尝试完成了一个专家系统。 在1980年，XCON最初被用于DEC位于新罕布什尔州萨利姆的工厂。最终它有了大约2500条规则。截止至1986年，它一共处理了80,000条指令，准确率达到95-98%。据估计，通过减少当技师出错时送给客户的组件、加速组装流程、和增加客户满意度，它每年为DEC节省了两千五百万美元。 在使用XCON之前，当从DEC订购VAX时，电缆、接头、和很多软件要单独订购（计算机和外设不像今天一样一起出售）。不是所有的销售人员都是技术专家，所以经常会发生客户买了硬件但没有合适的电缆、买了打印机但没有合适的驱动、买了处理器却没有合适的语言芯片等问题。这些问题会造成延迟发货，以及引起客户们不满以至进行法律诉讼。XCON与销售人员进行交互，在询问一些关键问题之后做出结论并输出合适的计算机配置和订单。 XCON的成功让DEC把XCON重写为XSEL-XCON的一个版本，DEC的销售人员用来帮助客户配置适合他们的VAX机器（所以他们不会错买了过高或过低的配置）。但机器的放置问题和配置是由另一套名为XSITE的专家系统处理的。 McDermott在1980年写的关于R1的论文赢得了1999年美国人工智能协会的经典论文奖。传奇性的是，R1的名字来自于McDermott。据说他写过"Three years ago I wanted to be a knowledge engineer, and today I are one"（“三年前我想成为一位知识工程师，今天我成了”）。
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  • The R1 (later called XCON, for eXpert CONfigurer) program was a production-rule-based system written in OPS5 by John P. McDermott of CMU in 1978 to assist in the ordering of DEC's VAX computer systems by automatically selecting the computer system components based on the customer's requirements. The development of XCON followed two previous unsuccessful efforts to write an expert system for this task, in FORTRAN and BASIC).
  • El programa R1 (luego llamado XCON, por Configurador Experto) era un sistema de producción basado en reglas escrito en OPS5 por John P. McDermott de CMU en 1978 para asistir a los pedidos de los sistemas de computadores VAX de DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) seleccionando los componentes del sistema de acuerdo a los requerimientos del cliente. El desarrollo de XCON siguió a dos fracasos de escribir un sistema experto para esta tarea en FORTRAN y BASIC.
  • R1（后来被称为XCON，eXpert CONfigurer的所写，意为专家设置）程序是基于生产规则的系统，由卡内基梅隆大学的John P.
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  • Xcon
  • XCon
  • Xcon
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