Sir William John McKell GCMG KStJ (26 September 1891 - 11 January 1985), Australian politician, was Premier of New South Wales from 1941 to 1947, and was the twelfth Governor-General of Australia. McKell was born in Pambula, New South Wales, the son of a butcher. He was educated in Sydney at Bourke Street Public School and became a boilermaker, and was state secretary of the Boilermakers' Union from 1915.
| Property | Value |
|---|
| dbpedia-owl:Person/birthDate
| |
| dbpedia-owl:Person/birthPlace
| |
| dbpedia-owl:Person/deathDate
| |
| dbpedia-owl:Person/deathPlace
| |
| dbpedia-owl:birthDate
| |
| dbpedia-owl:birthPlace
| |
| dbpedia-owl:deathDate
| |
| dbpedia-owl:deathPlace
| |
| dbpedia-owl:thumbnail
| |
| dbpprop:abstract
|
- Sir William John McKell GCMG KStJ (26 September 1891 - 11 January 1985), Australian politician, was Premier of New South Wales from 1941 to 1947, and was the twelfth Governor-General of Australia. McKell was born in Pambula, New South Wales, the son of a butcher. He was educated in Sydney at Bourke Street Public School and became a boilermaker, and was state secretary of the Boilermakers' Union from 1915. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as a Labor member for Redfern in 1917 and retained the seat until he resigned to become Governor-General in 1947, except for the period of proportional representation (1920-1927), when he was a member for Botany. In 1920 he married Mary Pye. While in Parliament he studied law, and became a barrister in 1925. In Jack Lang's Labor governments of 1925-27 and 1931-32 he was Minister for Justice, and was also Minister for Local Government in 1930-31. During the 1930s McKell became a leader of the opposition within the Labor Party to what was felt to be Lang's dictatorial rule and his electoral failures. In 1939 he displaced Lang as Labor leader and Leader of the Opposition. In 1941 he became Premier when he led Labor to a convincing victory in the state elections, mainly by concentrating on country seats. During World War II he became a close collaborator of Labor Prime Ministers John Curtin and Ben Chifley, being a particularly close friend of the latter. In February 1947 Chifley gained formal agreement from King George VI for McKell's appointment as Governor-General. At the time the appointment was announced, McKell was still Premier of New South Wales, although he had already decided to retire from active politics. Chifley was determined that the Governor-General who succeeded the Duke of Gloucester should be an Australian, and he seems to have deliberately chosen a Labor man with a working-class background to make a political point. There was an outcry from the Liberal opposition and the conservative press: Robert Menzies called the appointment "shocking and humiliating". There was some resistance in London; but the days when the King could question an Australian Prime Minister on this matter had passed. McKell kept a dignified silence on the matter of his appointment, rather than conducting a public defence of it. Nevertheless Chifley publicly argued that any suitable Australian should be capable of being chosen as governor-general. Once McKell took office, however, the continuing respect for the Crown and its representative meant that there was no further criticism. McKell carried out the usual round of his formal duties with dignity, and succeeded in winning over all but the most inflexible anglophiles. When Menzies succeeded Chifley as Prime Minister in December 1949, his relations with McKell were cordial, if not exactly friendly. The most controversial moment in McKell's career came in March 1951, when Menzies asked him for a double dissolution election. Labor had retained control of the Senate after the 1949 election, and the Senate had referred the government's banking bill to a committee. Menzies argued that this constituted "failure to pass" in terms of Section 57 of the Australian Constitution. Many in the Labor Party, though not Chifley, thought that McKell should and would refuse Menzies a double dissolution, but the Governor-General agreed (with little hesitation) to provide one. McKell took the view that it was for the voters, not the Governor-General, to determine whether the Senate or Menzies was right: he saw it as his duty to act on the advice of his Prime Minister. On 13 November 1951, McKell accepted a knighthood (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George) from King George VI, who personally invested him at Buckingham Palace while McKell was on an official visit to the United Kingdom. This caused considerable controversy in the Labor Party, as it was Labor policy to have nothing to do with knighthoods (a policy confirmed by the case of Queensland union leader Jack Egerton a generation afterwards); but there was nothing Labor could do about it, since McKell had severed all connections with the party on assuming office. Also it was unprecedented, and was still considered somewhat inappropriate, for a governor-general not to be at least a knight (if not a peer). McKell was the only Australian governor-general to be knighted during his term. His Official Secretary for the first few weeks was Sir Leighton Bracegirdle, whose retirement was overdue after serving McKell's three predecessors over 16 years. He was succeeded by Murray Tyrrell. McKell retired in May 1953. From June 1956 to 1957 he served as a member of the Reid Commission, which was responsible for drafting the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya. McKell lived in Sydney for another 30 years, becoming considered one of the grand old men of the New South Wales Labor Party, although he never resumed any party or political activity. He died in Sydney in January 1985. His widow, Lady (Mary) McKell, died in July 1985.
- Sir William John McKell, GCMG, KStJ war ein australischer Politiker und u.a. zwölfter Generalgouverneur Australiens.
- Sir William John McKell, était un homme politique australien qui fut Premier Ministre de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud de 1939 à 1947, puis douzième gouverneur général d'Australie. McKell es né à Pambula en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud. Son père était boucher. Il fit ses études à Sydney et devint chaudronnier et fut secrétaire national du syndicat de chaudronniers en 1915. Il fut élu député de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud pour le parti travailliste australien pour la circonscription de Redfern en 1917 et garda le siège jusqu'à sa démission en 1947 pour devenir gouverneur-général sauf dans la période de la représentation proportionnelle (1920-1927), où il fut député pour le district de Botany. En 1920, il épousa Mary Pye. Alors qu'il était député, il étudia le droit et devint avocat en 1925. Il participa aux gouvernements travaillistes de Jack Lang : il fut Ministre de la Justice de 1925 à 1927 et de 1931 à 1932 et Ministre du gouvernement local de 1930 à 1931. Pendant les années 1930, McKell s'opposa à l'intérieur du parti à Jack Lang pour son comportement qu'il jugeait dictatorial et ses échecs électoraux. En 1939 il le remplaça à la tête du Parti et comme chef de l'opposition. En 1941, il devint Premier Ministre de l'État après avoir remporté une victoire éclatante électorale. Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il devint un proche collaborateur des Premiers Ministres travaillistes fédéraux John Curtin et Ben Chifley qui devint par la suite un de ses proches amis. En février 1947 Chifley le nomma gouverneur général. Lorsque sa nomination fut annoncée, McKell était encore Premier Ministre de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud bien qu'il ait déjà décidé de quitter la vie politique. Ce choix fut vivement critiqué par l'opposition conservatrice mais lorsque McKell prit ses fonctions, il continua à montrer le plus grand respect pour la Couronne et son comportement fut tel qu'il ne souleva aucune critique. McKell exerça sa charge avec beaucoup de dignité et réussit à se faire accepter par tous à l'exception de quelques inflexibles anglophiles. Quand le libéral Robert Menzies succéda à Chifley comme Premier Ministre en décembre 1949, ses relations avec McKell furent cordiales si elles ne furent pas amicales. Le moment le plus controversé de son mandat se produisit en mars 1951, quand Menzies lui demanda une double dissolution. Le parti travailliste avait gardé la majorité au Sénat après les élections de 1949 et le Sénat avait renvoyé le projet de lois de Finances en commission. Menzies expliqua que cela constituait un refus de vote selon la section 57 de la Constitution australienne. Beaucoup au parti travailliste - mais pas Chifley - pensaient que McKell pouvait et devait refuser cette double dissolution à Menzies mais McKell l'accepta après une petite hésitation. McKell défendit le fait qu'il appartenait aux électeurs et non à lui de décider qui du Sénat ou de Menzies avait raison : il vit comme un devoir pour lui d'agir selon les conseils du Premier Ministre. McKell se retira en mai 1953 et vécut à Sydney pendant encore 30 ans. Il mourut en 1985.
- Sir William McKell - australijski polityk, w latach 1941-1947 premier stanu Nowa Południowa Walia, a w latach 1947-1953 gubernator generalny Australii. Pochodził z rzemieślniczej rodziny. Wcześnie skończył edukację, podejmując pracę jako wytwórca grzejników. Od 1915 stał na czele związku osób tej profesji. W 1917 został wybrany z ramienia Australijskiej Partii Pracy (ALP) do parlamentu stanowego, w którym zasiadał nieprzerwanie przez kolejnych 30 lat. Już jako parlamentarzysta podjął studia prawnicze i w 1925 uzyskał uprawnienia adwokackie. W latach 1925-1931 zasiadał w stanowym rządzie, dwukrotnie będąc ministrem sprawiedliwości i raz ministrem ds. samorządów terytorialnych. W 1939 został szefem stanowych struktur ALP, a dwa lata później partia pod jego wodzą wygrała wybory, co dało mu fotel premiera stanowego. Jako lider najludniejszego z australijskich stanów stał się politykiem wpływowym także na scenie ogólnokrajowej i bliskim współpracownikiem pochodzących z tej samej partii premierów federalnych Johna Curtina, a potem Bena Chifley'a. W 1947 McKell ogłosił zamiar wycofania się z bieżącej polityki. Kilka tygodni później premier Chiffley nominował go na gubernatora generalnego Australii jako zaledwie drugiego w historii Australijczyka i pierwszą osobę, która przed objęciem formalnie najważniejszego stanowiska w państwie czynnie brała udział w australijskiej polityce (co wzbudziło spore kontrowersje). Mimo swej przeszłości, McKell z wdziękiem przyjął głównie ceremonialne obowiązki gubernatora generalnego. W 1951 przychylił się do prośby premiera Roberta Menziesa i rozwiązał parlament, choć było to niekorzystne dla jego macierzystej partii, od której jednak odcinał się od początku sprawowania urzędu. W tym samym roku przyjął od Jerzego VI tytuł szlachecki, co część partyjnych kolegów odebrała jako sprzeniewierzenie się ideałom lewicy. Po wygaśnięciu jego kadencji w 1953 definitywnie przeszedł na polityczną emeryturę, wracając jednocześnie do partii jako jeden z jej służących kolegom radą nestorów. Przeżył jeszcze prawie 32 lata.
|
| dbpprop:birthDate
| |
| dbpprop:birthPlace
| |
| dbpprop:dateOfBirth
| |
| dbpprop:dateOfDeath
| |
| dbpprop:deathDate
| |
| dbpprop:deathPlace
| |
| dbpprop:hasPhotoCollection
| |
| dbpprop:honorificPrefix
| |
| dbpprop:honorificSuffix
| |
| dbpprop:name
|
- Mackell, William John
- Sir William McKell
|
| dbpprop:order
| |
| dbpprop:predecessor
| |
| dbpprop:reference
| |
| dbpprop:relatedInstance
| |
| dbpprop:shortDescription
|
- Governor General of Australia, New South Wales politician and Premier
|
| dbpprop:successor
| |
| dbpprop:termEnd
| |
| dbpprop:termStart
| |
| dbpprop:wikiPageUsesTemplate
| |
| dbpprop:wordnet_type
| |
| rdf:type
| |
| rdfs:comment
|
- Sir William John McKell GCMG KStJ (26 September 1891 - 11 January 1985), Australian politician, was Premier of New South Wales from 1941 to 1947, and was the twelfth Governor-General of Australia. McKell was born in Pambula, New South Wales, the son of a butcher. He was educated in Sydney at Bourke Street Public School and became a boilermaker, and was state secretary of the Boilermakers' Union from 1915.
- Sir William John McKell, GCMG, KStJ war ein australischer Politiker und u.a. zwölfter Generalgouverneur Australiens.
- Sir William John McKell, était un homme politique australien qui fut Premier Ministre de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud de 1939 à 1947, puis douzième gouverneur général d'Australie. McKell es né à Pambula en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud. Son père était boucher. Il fit ses études à Sydney et devint chaudronnier et fut secrétaire national du syndicat de chaudronniers en 1915.
- Sir William McKell - australijski polityk, w latach 1941-1947 premier stanu Nowa Południowa Walia, a w latach 1947-1953 gubernator generalny Australii. Pochodził z rzemieślniczej rodziny. Wcześnie skończył edukację, podejmując pracę jako wytwórca grzejników. Od 1915 stał na czele związku osób tej profesji. W 1917 został wybrany z ramienia Australijskiej Partii Pracy (ALP) do parlamentu stanowego, w którym zasiadał nieprzerwanie przez kolejnych 30 lat.
|
| rdfs:label
|
- William McKell
- William John McKell
- William John McKell
- William McKell
|
| owl:sameAs
| |
| skos:subject
| |
| foaf:depiction
| |
| foaf:givenname
|
- William John
- William John
|
| foaf:name
|
- Sir William McKell
- William John Mackell
|
| foaf:page
| |
| foaf:surname
| |
| is dbpprop:after
of | |
| is dbpprop:before
of | |
| is dbpprop:governorGeneral
of | |
| is dbpprop:premier
of | |
| is dbpprop:redirect
of | |
| is dbpprop:successor
of | |
| is owl:sameAs
of | |
![[RDF Data]](/statics/sw-cube.png)
