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- Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como, Lecco, Sondrio, a little part of Cremona (except Crema and its neighbours), Lodi and Pavia, and the Piedmont provinces of Novara, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola and a small part of Vercelli, and Switzerland. After the name of the region involved, land of the former Duchy of Milan, this language is often referred to as Insubric or Milanese, or, after Clemente Merlo, Cisabduano (literally "of this side of Adda River"). In Italian-speaking contexts, Western Lombard is often incorrectly called a dialect of Italian language, but actually it is a separate language. It has more than a few similarities to French. Insubric and Italian are different languages and are not mutually intelligible, because of lexical, phonetic, and grammatical differences. Western Lombard is relatively homogenous (much more so than Eastern Lombard), though it does present a number of variations, mainly in relation to the vowels /o/, /ɔ/ and the development of /ts/ into /s/. Western Lombard can be divided into four main dialects, referred by many Italian linguists as lombardo alpino (spoken in the provinces of Sondrio and of Verbania, Sopraceneri of Canton Ticino and Grigioni in Switzerland), lombardo-prealpino occidentale (spoken in the provinces of Como, Varese and Lecco, Lugano and its neighbors in Canton Ticino), basso-lombardo occidentale (Pavia and Lodi), and macromilanese (provinces of Milan, Monza, Novara and Valsesia of Vercelli). The boundaries are obviously schematic, since the political division in provinces and municipalities are usually independent from languages spoken. At the present time, Western Lombard has no official status in Lombardy or anywhere else. The only official language in Lombardy is Italian. Some texts in Western Lombard are available: various dictionaries, a few grammars, extensive literature, and a recent translation of the Gospels. Examples of Western Lombard dialects are: Milanese or Meneghin (macromilanese) Bustocco and Legnanese Brianzöö (lombardo-prealpino occidentale - macromilanese) Canzés Canturino Monzese Comasco-Lecchese (lombardo-prealpino occidentale) Comasco Laghée Intelvese Vallassinese Lecchese Valsassinese Ticinese (lombardo alpino) Ossolano Varesino or Bosin (lombardo-prealpino occidentale) Alpine Lombard (lombardo alpino, strong influence from Eastern Lombard language) Valtellinese Chiavennasco Southwestern Lombard (basso-lombardo occidentale) Pavese Lodigiano (strong influence from Emiliano-Romagnolo language) Nuaresat (lombardo-prealpino occidentale - macromilanese) Cremunéez (strong influence from Emiliano-Romagnolo language) Slangs Spasell The most important orthography in Western Lombard literature is the Classical Milanese orthography. It was used by Carlo Porta (1775-1821) and Delio Tessa (1886-1939). It was perfected by the Circolo Filologico di Milano. Other orthographies are the Ticinese, the Comasca, the Bosina, the Nuaresat, and the Lecchese.
- El Llombard occidental o ìnsubre (Insübrich) és una llengua llombarda parlada a Itàlia, a les províncies de Milà, Monza, Varese, Como, Lecco, Sondrio, part de Cremona (però no a Crema), Lodi i Pavia, a les províncies piemonteses de Novara, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola i a Valsesia, i a Suïssa. El dialecte central es el milanès.
- Il dialetto lombardo occidentale o insubre è un dialetto gallo-italico della lingua lombarda la quale -con la variante orientale- è riconosciuta come "lingua minoritaria" europea dal 1981 (Rapporto 4745 del Consiglio d'Europa) e inoltre censita dall'UNESCO (Red book on endangered languages) tra quelle meritevoli di tutela.
- Західноломба́рдська (інсубрі́йська, міла́нська) мо́ва або за́хідний діале́кт ломба́рдської мо́ви (Lumbard ucidental, lumbard insübrich, milanese, cisabduano) — мова, поширена на північному заході Італії та півдні Швейцарії, належить до романської групи індоєвропейської мовної родини. Здебільшого ті, для кого ця мова є рідною, говорять також італійською.
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- Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como, Lecco, Sondrio, a little part of Cremona (except Crema and its neighbours), Lodi and Pavia, and the Piedmont provinces of Novara, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola and a small part of Vercelli, and Switzerland.
- El Llombard occidental o ìnsubre (Insübrich) és una llengua llombarda parlada a Itàlia, a les províncies de Milà, Monza, Varese, Como, Lecco, Sondrio, part de Cremona (però no a Crema), Lodi i Pavia, a les províncies piemonteses de Novara, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola i a Valsesia, i a Suïssa. El dialecte central es el milanès.
- Il dialetto lombardo occidentale o insubre è un dialetto gallo-italico della lingua lombarda la quale -con la variante orientale- è riconosciuta come "lingua minoritaria" europea dal 1981 (Rapporto 4745 del Consiglio d'Europa) e inoltre censita dall'UNESCO (Red book on endangered languages) tra quelle meritevoli di tutela.
- Західноломба́рдська (інсубрі́йська, міла́нська) мо́ва або за́хідний діале́кт ломба́рдської мо́ви (Lumbard ucidental, lumbard insübrich, milanese, cisabduano) — мова, поширена на північному заході Італії та півдні Швейцарії, належить до романської групи індоєвропейської мовної родини.
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