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- Video Cassette Recording (VCR) was an early domestic video format designed by Philips. It was the first successful home videocassette recorder system. Later variants included the VCR-LP and Super Video (SVR) formats. The VCR format was introduced in 1972, just after the Sony U-matic format in 1971. Although at first glance the two might appear to have been competing formats, they were aimed at very different markets. U-matic was introduced as a professional format, whilst VCR was targeted particularly at educational but also domestic users. Unlike some other early formats such as Cartrivision, the VCR format does record a high quality video signal without resorting to Skip field. Home video systems had previously been available, but they were open reel systems (most notably made by Sony) and were expensive to both buy and operate. They were also unreliable and often only recorded in black and white. The VCR system was easy to use and recorded in colour but was still expensive: the N1500 recorder cost nearly £600 in the United Kingdom when it was introduced in 1972, the equivalent of just over £6000 in 2009. By comparison a small car (the morris mini) could be purchased for just over £600. The VCR format used large square cassettes with 2 co-axial reels, one on top of the other, containing half inch wide chrome dioxide magnetic tape. Three playing times were available: 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The 60-minute cassettes proved very unreliable, suffering numerous snags and breakages due to the very thin tape. The mechanically complicated recorders themselves also proved somewhat unreliable. One particularly common failing occurred should tape slack develop within the cassette; the tape from the top (takeup) spool may droop into the path of the bottom (supply) spool and become entangled in it if rewind was selected. The cassette would then completely jam and require dismantling to clear the problem, and the tape would then be creased and damaged. The system predated the development of the slant azimuth technique to prevent crosstalk between adjacent video tracks, so it had to use an unrecorded guard band between tracks. This required the system to run at a high tape speed of 11.26inches per second. Despite its limitations, the Philips VCR system was groundbreaking and brought together many advances in video recording technology to produce the first truly practical home video cassette system. The very first Philips N1500 model included all the essential elements of a domestic video cassette recorder: Simple loading of cassette and simple operation by "Piano Key" controls, with full auto-stop at tape ends. A tuner for recording off-air television programmes. A clock with timer for unattended recordings. A modulator to allow connection to a normal (for the time) television receiver without audio and video input connectors. The Philips VCR system was only marketed in the U.K. and Europe. In mid-1977, Philips announced they were considering distribution of the format in North America, and it was test marketed for several months. Because the format was initially designed only for use with the 625-line 50 Hz PAL system, VCR units had to be modified in order to work with the 60 Hz NTSC system. Unfortunately, for mechanical and electronic reasons, the tape speed had to be increased slightly, which resulted in a 60-minute PAL tape now running about 50 minutes in NTSC. DuPont announced a thinner videotape formulation that would allow a 60-minute NTSC VCR tape (and roughly 70 minutes in PAL), but the tape was even less reliable than previous formulations. Ultimately, Philips abandoned any hope of trying to sell their VCR format in North America, partly because of the reliability issues, and partly because of the introduction of VHS that same year.
- Das VCR-System (abgeleitet von „Video Cassette Recording“) ist ein frühes analoges Farb-Heimvideorekordersystem von Grundig und Philips aus dem Jahr 1971. Es war das erste kommerziell erfolgreiche Video-Kassettenformat für den Heimgebrauch. Das Videoband hatte seine Laufbahn wie das Audio-Tonband zuerst als loses Rollenband, welches auf Spulen aufgewickelt war und beim Auflegen auf das Videogerät an einer Leerspule eingefädelt werden musste, begonnen. Nun überlegte man sich - ebenso wie beim Audioband - ein Kassettensystem zu entwickeln, welches das Einlegen vereinfacht, weil dadurch vor allem das umständliche Einfädeln entfällt. In den 1970-ern entwickelten Grundig und Philips ihr bereits eingeführtes, bandbasiertes Schwarzweiß-System weiter. Die Kassetten waren ungefähr so groß wie CDs, nur deutlich dicker. Die Bandspulen waren übereinander angeordnet. Dies ermöglichte recht große Spulen in einem relativ kompakten Format.
- Le VCR (ou Video Cassette Recording) est un standard pour l'enregistrement de vidéo sur bande magnétique de 1/2 pouce qui a été mis au point par Philips en 1972. Une version VCR LP (VCR-Long Play) a vu le jour en 1976.
- Il Video Cassette Recording (VCR, ma conosciuto anche come N1500 dal nome del primo modello commercializzato) è un sistema di videoregistrazione domestica progettato e venduto dalla Philips. Il VCR fu il primo sistema che portò a un certo successo commerciale, insieme alle successive evoluzioni VCR-LP e Super Video (SVR). Il formato VCR fu introdotto sul mercato nel 1972, appena dopo il lancio del Sony U-matic nel 1971. Nonostante la coincidenza, i due formati non erano in contrapposizione, essendo destinati a mercati differenti. L'U-matic era un formato professionale, pensato per rimpiazzare i formati a bobina aperta laddove non vi erano esigenze di elevata qualità, mentre il VCR era pensato per il mercato educativo e domestico. I precedenti sistemi di videoregistrazione domestica, pur disponibile, era macchinosi nell'uso, per l'uso di bobine aperte, e avevano costi di gestione elevati, nonché una scarsa affidabilità. Per quanto costoso (sul mercato britannico, circa 600 sterline dell'epoca) era semplice e permetteva di registrare a colori. Le videocassette era di forma quadrata e contenevano due bobine coassiali, con un nastro al diossido di cromo largo mezzo pollice. Erano disponibili con durate di 30, 45 e 60 minuti, ma queste ultime usavano un nastro molto sottile e di facile danneggiamento. In particolare, poteva accadere che il nastro della bobina avvolgitrice (quella superiore) si allentasse e cadesse in quella inferiore, incastrandosi durante il riavvolgimento. Il sistema usava la scansione elicoidale prima dello sviluppo della tecnica ad azimut differenti (la cosiddetta scansione elicoidale-azimutale), per cui prevedeva l'uso di bande di guardia tra le tracce video. Di conseguenza, la veocità del nastro era abbastanza elevata, 11,5 pollici al secondo. Nonostante le sue limitazioni, il sistema VCR conteneva molte innovazione che lo portarono ad essere il primo vero sistema di videoregistrazione domestica.
- Een videorecorder is een apparaat waarmee beeldsignalen opgenomen kunnen worden op videoband. Deze banden zijn of waren verkrijgbaar in verschillende typen: Ampex, Betamax, Betacam SP, Hi 8, S-VHS, U-matic, VCR, VHS, Video 8 en Video 2000.
- VCR (Video Cassette Recording) to pierwszy europejski format kaset do magnetowidów na taśmie 1/2" wprowadzony na rynek w początku lat 70. XX wieku przez koncern Philips. W formacie VCR i pochodnych (VCR LP, SVR) szpulki położone są jedna nad drugą w jednej osi. Wymiary kasety: 145x127x41. Czas zapisu 60 minut. Ulepszona wersja VCR LP była technologiczną nowością. Zastosowano zapis bez odstępu ścieżek wizyjnych, zmniejszając przesuw taśmy z 14,29 cm/s w wersji VCR do 6,56 cm/s. System ten znany pod nazwą HDR, czyli zapisu dużej gęstości, stosowany jest we wszystkich istniejących formatach domowych i profesjonalnych. Czas zapisu 140 minut (260 linii). Na początku lat 80. pojawiła się wersja SVR (Super Video Recording) z czasem zapisu wydłużonym do 240 minut. Następcą formatu Philipsa VCR LP był video 2000. W Polsce produkowane były w zakładach Kasprzaka magnetowidy: MTV20 (VCR) oraz MTV50 (VCR LP).
- VCR (Video Cassette Recorder), tidigt format för videobandspelare introducerades 1972 av Philips. Då 1970-talets elektronikrevolution ännu var i sin linda, var VCR-spelarna stora och otympliga därför att de byggdes med diskreta elektronikkomponenter (dvs innan integrerade kretsar fanns). Media till formatet baserades på 1/2-tums band, precis som senare VHS och Video 2000. Speltiden var 30, 45, 60 och som mest 70 minuter. För att uppnå maximal speltid användes band med extra tunn bas, varför ett vanligen förekommande fel var att banden brast. Mekaniken i dessa tidiga videobandspelarna var komplicerad och visade sig vara opålitlig. Dessutom var både spelaren och media dyra för sin tid; En spelare kostade ca 2 arbetar-månadslöner och mediet 1 dagslön för en kassett. Dessa begränsningar gjorde att det var mest skolor och företag som hade råd att använda dessa maskiner.
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- Video Cassette Recording (VCR) was an early domestic video format designed by Philips. It was the first successful home videocassette recorder system. Later variants included the VCR-LP and Super Video (SVR) formats. The VCR format was introduced in 1972, just after the Sony U-matic format in 1971. Although at first glance the two might appear to have been competing formats, they were aimed at very different markets.
- Das VCR-System (abgeleitet von „Video Cassette Recording“) ist ein frühes analoges Farb-Heimvideorekordersystem von Grundig und Philips aus dem Jahr 1971. Es war das erste kommerziell erfolgreiche Video-Kassettenformat für den Heimgebrauch. Das Videoband hatte seine Laufbahn wie das Audio-Tonband zuerst als loses Rollenband, welches auf Spulen aufgewickelt war und beim Auflegen auf das Videogerät an einer Leerspule eingefädelt werden musste, begonnen.
- Le VCR (ou Video Cassette Recording) est un standard pour l'enregistrement de vidéo sur bande magnétique de 1/2 pouce qui a été mis au point par Philips en 1972. Une version VCR LP (VCR-Long Play) a vu le jour en 1976.
- Il Video Cassette Recording (VCR, ma conosciuto anche come N1500 dal nome del primo modello commercializzato) è un sistema di videoregistrazione domestica progettato e venduto dalla Philips. Il VCR fu il primo sistema che portò a un certo successo commerciale, insieme alle successive evoluzioni VCR-LP e Super Video (SVR). Il formato VCR fu introdotto sul mercato nel 1972, appena dopo il lancio del Sony U-matic nel 1971.
- Een videorecorder is een apparaat waarmee beeldsignalen opgenomen kunnen worden op videoband. Deze banden zijn of waren verkrijgbaar in verschillende typen: Ampex, Betamax, Betacam SP, Hi 8, S-VHS, U-matic, VCR, VHS, Video 8 en Video 2000.
- VCR (Video Cassette Recording) to pierwszy europejski format kaset do magnetowidów na taśmie 1/2" wprowadzony na rynek w początku lat 70. XX wieku przez koncern Philips. W formacie VCR i pochodnych (VCR LP, SVR) szpulki położone są jedna nad drugą w jednej osi. Wymiary kasety: 145x127x41. Czas zapisu 60 minut. Ulepszona wersja VCR LP była technologiczną nowością. Zastosowano zapis bez odstępu ścieżek wizyjnych, zmniejszając przesuw taśmy z 14,29 cm/s w wersji VCR do 6,56 cm/s.
- VCR (Video Cassette Recorder), tidigt format för videobandspelare introducerades 1972 av Philips. Då 1970-talets elektronikrevolution ännu var i sin linda, var VCR-spelarna stora och otympliga därför att de byggdes med diskreta elektronikkomponenter (dvs innan integrerade kretsar fanns). Media till formatet baserades på 1/2-tums band, precis som senare VHS och Video 2000. Speltiden var 30, 45, 60 och som mest 70 minuter.
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