| dbpprop:abstract
|
- The Viceroy of Zhílì, fully referred to as the Governor General of Zhili and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Manager of Waterways; Director of Civil Affairs (總督直隸等處地方，提督軍務、糧餉、管理河道兼巡撫事), was one of eight regional viceroys of the Qing Dynasty in China. Chinese historians often rank the Viceroy of Zhili as the most honorable and powerful, and the Viceroy of Liangjiang as the richest of the eight. The Viceroy of Zhili next position was the Prime Minister usually. It was an important post, because the territory of Zhili (lit. directly ruled) Province, now referred to as the Hebei Province, was surrounding area of Beijing. The seat of Viceroyalty was in Tianjin, although the capital of the province was situated at Baoding. The responsibility of the position has never been defined entirely. Generally speaking, the viceroy oversaw the military and civil affairs of Zhili, Shandong and Henan Provinces. In 1870, the responsibility of the Viceroy also merged with the position of Minister of Beiyang (北洋通商大臣), and the Viceroy was usually a very important player in the Court politics of Beijing. The position was created and abolished several times. It was initially created by the Shunzhi Emperor on September 30, 1649. However, the Emperor abolished the post on June 1, 1658. The second creation of the post was on November 23, 1661, and cancelled later on July 28, 1669 by Kangxi Emperor. The third creation was taken place on December 14, 1724, during the second year of Yongzheng Emperor's reign, and lasted out till the fall of the Qing Dynasty. Since the creation of the position in 1649 to 1912, 81 people had held the position. Some eminent individuals included Li Wei, Tang Zhiyu, Fang Guancheng, Zeng Guofan, and Yuan Shikai. Late Qing diplomat, general, and politician Li Hongzhang occupied the position for a period of 25 years in total, during the height of his political career.
- Il Viceré di Zhílì (直隸總督/直隶总督), il cui titolo ufficiale era Governatore generale di Zhílì e delle aree circostanti; sovrintendente degli affari militari e della produzione di cibo; gestore delle vie idriche; direttore degli affari civili (總督直隸等處地方，提督軍務、糧餉、管理河道兼巡撫事) era uno degli otto viceré della dinastia Qing in Cina. Attualmente, l'Hebei comprende l'antico Zhílì. La carica era molto importante soprattutto perché lo Zhílì circondava Pechino. La sede del viceré si trovava a Tientsin, benché la capitale dello Zhílì fosse Baoding. Benché vi siano ancora dei dubbi fra gli storici, sembra che il viceré di Zhílì sovrintendesse agli affari civili e militari di Zhílì, Shandong e Henan. Dal 1870, la carica di ministro del Beiyang venne incorporata a quella di viceré, incrementando ulteriormente il suo potere e facendone un personaggio chiave presso la corte. Questa carica venne inizialmente istituita dall'imperatore Shunzi il 30 settembre 1649, ma abolita il 1º giugno 1658. Venne ricreata il 23 novembre 1661, quindi nuovamente abolita il 28 luglio 1669 dall'imperatore Kangxi. Il 14 dicembre 1724, l'imperatore Yongzhen istituì di nuovo tale carica, che durò fino alla fine della dinastia Qing. Dal 1649 al 1912, ottantuno persone hanno ricoperto questa carica. I più eminenti includono Li Wei, Zeng Guofan e Yuan Shikai. Il più longevo viceré fu Li Hongzhang, famoso diplomatico e generale imperiale, che mantenne questa carica ininterrottamente per 25 anni.
- 直隷総督(ちょくれいそうとく)は中国清王朝の地方長官の官職名であり、直隷省・河南省・山東省の総督として管轄地域の軍政・民政の両方を統括した。地方長官として最高位に当たる総督の中でも、特に首都北京近辺を統括した直隷総督は筆頭格であった。 1870年からは華北の外国貿易港の監督も直隷総督の管轄となったため、直隷総督が北洋通商大臣を兼任する事になった。
- Наместником Чжили называли верховного сановника цинского Китая, резиденцией которого служил Тяньцзинь. Чжили — принятое в манчжурской традиции название китайской провинции Хэбэй, которая из-за своей близости к Пекину имела особое положение и считалась столичной. Само название провинции обозначает буквально «непосредственно управляемая». На закате Цинской державы в течение четверти века пост наместника Чжили занимал одиозный Ли Хунчжан. В 1928 после победы сил Гоминьдана китайская столица была перенесена в Нанкин, а провинция Чжили переименована в Хэбэй.
- 直隸總督，正式官銜為總督直隸等處地方提督軍務、糧饟、管理河道兼巡撫事，是清朝九位最高級的封疆大臣之一，總管直隸、河南和山東的軍民政務。而由於直隸省地處京畿要地，因此直隸總督被稱為疆臣之首。
|
| rdfs:comment
|
- The Viceroy of Zhílì, fully referred to as the Governor General of Zhili and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Manager of Waterways; Director of Civil Affairs (總督直隸等處地方，提督軍務、糧餉、管理河道兼巡撫事), was one of eight regional viceroys of the Qing Dynasty in China. Chinese historians often rank the Viceroy of Zhili as the most honorable and powerful, and the Viceroy of Liangjiang as the richest of the eight.
- Il Viceré di Zhílì (直隸總督/直隶总督), il cui titolo ufficiale era Governatore generale di Zhílì e delle aree circostanti; sovrintendente degli affari militari e della produzione di cibo; gestore delle vie idriche; direttore degli affari civili (總督直隸等處地方，提督軍務、糧餉、管理河道兼巡撫事) era uno degli otto viceré della dinastia Qing in Cina. Attualmente, l'Hebei comprende l'antico Zhílì.
- Наместником Чжили называли верховного сановника цинского Китая, резиденцией которого служил Тяньцзинь. Чжили — принятое в манчжурской традиции название китайской провинции Хэбэй, которая из-за своей близости к Пекину имела особое положение и считалась столичной.
- 直隸總督，正式官銜為總督直隸等處地方提督軍務、糧饟、管理河道兼巡撫事，是清朝九位最高級的封疆大臣之一，總管直隸、河南和山東的軍民政務。而由於直隸省地處京畿要地，因此直隸總督被稱為疆臣之首。
|
![[RDF Data]](/statics/sw-cube.png)
