Urban Economics is broadly the economic study of urban areas. As such, it involves using the tools of economics to analyze urban issues such as crime, education, public transit, housing, and local government finance. More narrowly, it is a branch of microeconomics that studies urban spatial structure and the location of households and firms.

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  • Urban Economics is broadly the economic study of urban areas. As such, it involves using the tools of economics to analyze urban issues such as crime, education, public transit, housing, and local government finance. More narrowly, it is a branch of microeconomics that studies urban spatial structure and the location of households and firms. Much urban economic analysis relies on a particular model of urban spatial structure, the monocentric city model pioneered in the 1960s by William Alonso, Richard Muth, and Edwin Mills. While most other forms of neoclassical economics do not account for spatial relationships between individuals and organizations, urban economics focuses on these spatial relationships to understand the economic motivations underlying the formation, functioning, and development of cities. Since its formulation in 1964, William Alonso's monocentric city model of a disc-shaped Central Business District (CBD) and surrounding residential region has served as a starting point for urban economic analysis. Monocentricity has become weaker over time due to changes in technology, particularly due to faster and cheaper transportation (which makes it possible for commuters to live farther from their jobs in the CBD) and communications (which allow back-office operations to move out of the CBD). Additionally, recent research has sought to explain the polycentricity described in Joel Garreau's Edge City. Several explanations for polycentric expansion have been proposed and summarized in models that account for factors such as utility gains from lower average land rents and increasing (or constant returns) due to economies of agglomeration.
  • L'économie urbaine est une branche de l'économie spatiale qui s'est peu à peu spécialisée à la faveur de son objet d'étude et des modèles utilisés.
  • 都市経済学（としけいざいがく）とは、都市の発展および都市構造の形成過程を、理論経済学や統計学などの理論的な分析によって、都市という単位からその経済現象を研究・考察する分野である。 ミクロ経済学の基本によって、都市という単位からその経済現象を研究、考察する。土地、住宅市場に関する問題、都市部と郊外との関連と地域経済成長のパターンに関する分析など、空間を考慮した経済分析（空間経済学）の多くが対象範囲で、都市という対象に対して、交通などの公共財や住宅市場・不動産市場などの立地情報、企業の経営や政府の活動といったミクロの経済的分析を、都市部と郊外との関連と地域経済成長のパターンに関連して行う。また、空間を考慮した経済分析（空間経済学）や経済地理・情報経済の多くが対象範囲となり、マクロ経済学も都市経済学の理論的考察に用いられるようになってきている。
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  • Urban Economics is broadly the economic study of urban areas. As such, it involves using the tools of economics to analyze urban issues such as crime, education, public transit, housing, and local government finance. More narrowly, it is a branch of microeconomics that studies urban spatial structure and the location of households and firms.
  • L'économie urbaine est une branche de l'économie spatiale qui s'est peu à peu spécialisée à la faveur de son objet d'étude et des modèles utilisés.
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  • Urban economics
  • Économie urbaine
  • 都市経済学
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