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- Ein Kongressausschuss (Congressional Committee) ist innerhalb des Politischen Systems der Vereinigten Staaten eine Untereinheit des Kongresses, dass sich mit einem bestimmten Sachbereich beschäftigt. Im Repräsentantenhaus spielen die Ausschüsse aufgrund der Größe der Kammer eine stärkere Rolle (das Repräsentantenhaus hat 435 Abgeordnete während der Senat nur aus 100 Senatoren besteht). Ausschüsse spielten im parlamentarischen System der Vereinigten Staaten von Anfang an eine wichtige Rolle, die mit der Zeit noch gewachsen ist. Der erste Ausschuss des Repräsententantenhauses wurde am 2. April 1798 ernannt, um Verfahrensregeln für die Arbeit des Hauses vorzubereiten und um die Pflichten des Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives, einer Art parlamentarischen Sicherheitsbeamten festzulegen. Der erste Senatsausschuss wurde am 7. April 1789 eingerichtet, um Verfahrensregeln für den Senat zu entwerfen.
- Komisje Kongresu Stanów Zjednoczonych (ang. United States Congressional committee) są komisjami amerykańskiego Parlamentu. Są one niezwykle istotnym elementem tworzenia amerykańskiego prawa i polityki państwa.
- A congressional committee is a legislative sub-organization in the United States Congress that handles a specific duty (rather than the general duties of Congress). Committee membership enables members to develop specialized knowledge of the matters under their jurisdiction. As "little legislatures," committees monitor on-going governmental operations, identify issues suitable for legislative review, gather and evaluate information, and recommend courses of action to their parent body. Woodrow Wilson once said "... it is not far from the truth to say that Congress in session is Congress on public exhibition, whilst Congress in its committee rooms is Congress at work. " It is neither expected nor possible that a member of Congress be an expert on all matters and subject areas that come before Congress. Congressional committees provide invaluable informational services to Congress by investigating and reporting about specialized subjects. Congress divides its legislative, oversight, and internal administrative tasks among approximately 200 committees and subcommittees. Within assigned areas, these functional subunits gather information; compare and evaluate legislative alternatives; identify policy problems and propose solutions; select, determine, and report measures for full chamber consideration; monitor executive branch performance (oversight); and investigate allegations of wrongdoing. While this investigatory function is important, procedures such as the House discharge petition process (the process of bringing a bill onto the floor without a committee report or mandatory consent from its leadership) are so difficult to implement that committee jurisdiction over particular subject matter of bills has expanded into semi-autonomous power. Of the 73 discharge petitions submitted to the full House from 1995 through 2007, only one was successful in securing a definitive yea-or-nay vote for a bill. Over the last two centuries and a half, the growing autonomy of committees has fragmented the power of each congressional chamber as a unit. This centrifugal dispersion of power has, without doubt, weakened the Legislative Branch relative to the other branches of the Federal government, i.e. the Executive Branch, the courts, and the bureaucracy. In his often cited article History of the House of Representatives, written in 1961, American scholar George B. Galloway (1898–1967) said: "In practice, Congress functions not as a unified institution, but as a collection of semi-autonomous committees that seldom act in unison. " Galloway went on to cite committee autonomy as a factor interfering with the adoption of a coherent legislative program. That autonomy remains a characteristic feature of the committee system in Congress today.
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