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- The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC or the Code), first published in 1952, is one of a number of uniform acts that have been promulgated in conjunction with efforts to harmonize the law of sales and other commercial transactions in all 50 states within the United States of America. This objective is deemed important because of the prevalence of commercial transactions that extend beyond one state (for example, where the goods are manufactured in state A, warehoused in state B, sold from state C and delivered in state D). If the UCC had not been adopted, it is likely that the Congress of the United States, exercising its authority under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution would have enacted national legislation. The UCC therefore achieved the goal of achieving substantial uniformity in commercial legislation and, at the same time, allowed the states needed flexibility to meet local circumstances. The UCC deals primarily with transactions involving personal property (movable property), not real property (immovable property). The UCC is the longest and most elaborate of the uniform acts. It has been a long-term, joint project of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) and the American Law Institute (ALI). Judge Herbert F. Goodrich was the Chairman of the Editorial Board of the original 1952 edition, and the Code itself was drafted by some of the top legal scholars in the United States, including Karl N. Llewellyn, William A. Schnader, Soia Mentschikoff, and Grant Gilmore. The Code, as the product of private organizations, is not itself the law, but only recommendation of the laws that should be adopted in the states. Once enacted in a state by the state's legislature, it becomes true law and is codified into the state’s code of statutes. When the Code is adopted by a state, it may be adopted verbatim as written by ALI and NCCUSL, or it may be adopted with specific changes deemed necessary by the state legislature. Unless such changes are minor, they can affect the purpose and meaning of the Code in promoting uniformity of law among the various states. Persons desiring to know the law are therefore strongly advised to check the statute as enacted in the particular jurisdiction and not rely on the text of the Uniform act. In Payne v. Stalley, 672 So. 2d 822 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995), a lawyer relied on the official text of the Uniform Probate Code and failed to check the statute as it had been adopted in Florida. As a result, the lawyer missed a filing deadline on a $3,760,909.49 claim. As the court pointed out, "[w]e cannot rewrite Florida probate law to accommodate a Michigan attorney more familiar with the Uniform Probate Code. " Id. at 823. The ALI and NCCUSL have also established a permanent editorial board for the Code. This board has issued a number of official comments and other published papers concerning the Code. Although these commentaries do not have the force of law, courts interpreting the Code often cite them as persuasive authority in determining the effect of one or more provisions. Courts interpreting the Code generally seek to harmonize their interpretations with those of other states that have adopted the same or a similar provision, except where specific aspects of the Code were changed by that state when adopting it, or where other aspects of state law require a different decision. The Code, in one or another of its several revisions, has been enacted in all of the 50 states, as well as in the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Louisiana has enacted most provisions of the UCC with the exception of Article 2, preferring to maintain its own civil law tradition for governing the sale of goods. Although the substantive content is largely similar, some states have made structural modifications to conform to local legislative customs. For example, Louisiana jurisprudence refers to the major subdivisions of the UCC as “chapters” instead of articles, since the term “articles” is used in that state to refer to provisions of the Louisiana Civil Code. Arkansas has a similar arrangement as the term “article” in that state's law generally refers to a subdivision of the Arkansas Constitution. In California, they are titled "divisions" instead of articles, because in California, articles are a third- or fourth-level subdivision of a code, while divisions are always the first-level subdivision. Also, California does not allow the use of hyphens in section numbers because they are reserved for referring to ranges of sections; therefore, the hyphens used in the official UCC section numbers are dropped in the California implementation.
- Der Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) ist ein für das ganze Gebiet der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika geltendes, vereinheitliches Handelsrecht. Mit der Ausarbeitung wurde Anfang der 1940er Jahre durch das American Law Institute, der National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Law sowie einigen Anwälten und Professoren begonnen. Ziel war es, durch diese Privatinitiative einen Musterentwurf für die USA zu schaffen, den die einzelnen Bundesstaaten in ihr Handelsrecht übernehmen sollten. Der erste Entwurf wurde 1950 vorgelegt und schließlich 1952 vom American Law Institute verabschiedet. Auf Grund einiger kritischer Stimmen wurde der UCC 1958 erstmals überarbeitet. Weitere Revisionen, bei denen Teile überarbeitet und neu einfügt wurden, fanden 1972 und letztlich 2003 statt. Der UCC besteht aus 13 "Articles", welche sich in einzelne Unterabschnitte ("Parts") untergliedern. Die Übernahme durch die Bundesstaaten konnte nur freiwillig erfolgen, da eine Gesetzgebungskompetenz des Bundes nicht besteht. Da der UCC nicht durch den amerikanischen Bundesgesetzgeber erlassen wurde ist der UCC folglich auch nicht Federal Law. Die Staaten waren daher auch frei darin, Modifikationen vorzunehmen oder Teile gar nicht zu übernehmen. Fast alle Bundesstaaten haben diesen Entwurf mittlerweile weitgehend unverändert übernommenen, einzig Louisiana hat größere Teile nicht in Kraft gesetzt. Jeder einzelne Bundesstaat besitzt also weiterhin ein eigenes Handelsrecht. Da dieses jedoch auf dem UCC beruht, sind die Unterschiede zumeist nur gering. Folglich hat der UCC immerhin zu einer erheblichen Vereinfachung des US-Handelsrechts geführt. Das American Law Institute beobachtet ständig neue Entwicklungen im Handelsrecht und schlägt bei Bedarf Änderungen vor. Trotz UCC ist weiterhin das Common Law zu beachten, da bewusst einige Teile des UCC Rechtslücken aufweisen, die mittels Common Law auszulegen sind. Urteile sind nur im jeweiligen Bundesstaat verbindlich, können aber zur Urteilsfindung in anderen Staaten herangezogen werden. Siehe auch: Recht der Vereinigten Staaten
- 統一商事法典（英: Uniform Commercial Code, UCC）とは、アメリカ合衆国の商事モデル法典の一つである。
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