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- Totem poles are monumental sculptures carved from large trees, usually cedar, but mostly Western Redcedar, by cultures of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. The word "totem" is derived from the Ojibwe word odoodem, "his kinship group" Being made of cedar, which decays eventually in the rainforest environment of the Northwest Coast, few examples of poles carved before 1800 exist. Noteworthy examples include those at the Royal BC Museum in Victoria, BC and the Museum of Anthropology at UBC in Vancouver, dating as far back as 1880. And, while 18th century accounts of European explorers along the coast indicate that poles certainly existed prior to 1800, they were smaller and few in number. In all likelihood, the freestanding poles seen by the first European explorers were preceded by a long history of monumental carving, particularly interior house posts. Eddie Malin (1986) has proposed a theory of totem pole development which describes totem poles as progressing from house posts, funerary containers, and memorial markers into symbols of clan and family wealth and prestige. He argues that pole construction was centered around the Haida people of the Queen Charlotte Islands, from whence it spread outward to the Tsimshian and Tlingit and then down the coast to the tribes of British Columbia and northern Washington. This is supported by the photographic history of the North West coast and the deeper sophistication of Haida Poles. The regional stylistic differences between poles would then be due not to a change in style over time, but instead to application of existing regional artistic styles to a new medium. Early-20th-century theories, such as those of the anthropologist Marius Barbeau who considered the poles an entirely post-contact phenomenon made possible by the introduction of metal tools, were treated with skepticism at the time and are now discredited. The disruptions following American and European trade and settlement first led to a flowering and then to a decline in the cultures and totem pole carving. The widespread importation of iron and steel tools from Britain, the United States and China led to much more rapid and accurate production of carved wooden goods, including poles. It is not certain whether iron tools were actually introduced by traders, or whether iron tools were already produced aboriginally from drift iron recovered from shipwrecks; nevertheless the presence of trading vessels and exploration ships simplified the acquisition of iron tools whose use greatly enhanced totem pole construction. The marine fur trade gave rise to a tremendous accumulation of wealth among the coastal peoples, and much of this wealth was spent and distributed in lavish potlatches frequently associated with the construction and erection of totem poles. Poles were commissioned by many wealthy leaders to represent their social status and the importance of their families and clans. As the fur trade declined the incidence of poverty on the coast increased. Christian missionaries reviled the totem pole as an object of heathen worship and urged converts to cease production and destroy existing poles. Totem pole construction underwent a dramatic decline at the end of the 19th century due to American and Canadian policies and practices of acculturation and assimilation. Fortunately, in the mid-twentieth century a combination of cultural, linguistic, and artistic revival along with intense scholarly scrutiny and the continuing fascination and support of an educated and empathetic public led to a renewal and extension of this moribund artistic tradition. Freshly-carved totem poles are being erected up and down the coast. Related artistic production is pouring forth in many new and traditional media, ranging from tourist trinkets to masterful works in wood, stone, blown and etched glass, and many other traditional and non-traditional media. Today a number of successful native artists carve totem poles on commission, usually taking the opportunity to educate apprentices in the demanding art of traditional carving and its concomitant joinery. Such modern poles are almost always executed in traditional styles, although some artists have felt free to include modern subject matter or use nontraditional styles in their execution. The commission for a modern pole ranges in the tens of thousands of dollars; the time spent carving after initial designs are completed usually lasts about a year, so the commission essentially functions as the artist's primary means of income during the period. Totem poles take about 6–12 months to complete.
- Ein Wappenpfahl, fälschlicherweise auch Totempfahl genannt, ist ein Pfahl, in den das Wappen einer Familie – und nicht deren Totem – eingeschnitzt ist. Sie waren vor allem bei den Indianern der amerikanischen Nordwestküste verbreitet. Der Wappenpfahl wurde meist aus dem Holz von Riesenlebensbäumen (Thuja plicata, Western Redcedar, in Nordwest-USA und Kanada verbreitet) gefertigt. Jede Familie hatte Wappentiere, die nicht nur auf dem Wappenpfahl, sondern auch auf Alltagsgegenständen wie Geschirr, Waffen, Kisten, Decken, Hauswänden usw. abgebildet waren. Ein Wappenpfahl wurde als individuelles Zeichen der Familie oder als Denkmal an einen Toten errichtet. Die ursprüngliche Heimat der kunstvoll geschnitzten, bis zu 20 m hohen Holzsäulen liegt in den Küstenregionen von British Columbia. Mit Pflanzenfarben grellbunt bemalt, dienten sie als Prestigesymbole und Familienwappen. Mächtige Häuptlinge und Familienclans ließen wichtige Stammesmythen, einzelne Geschehnisse und Personen in verschlüsselter Form in Holz verewigen. Die alten Pfähle zu deuten, ist schwierig: Man muss die Mythen des Stammes kennen und seine Geschichte. Die abgebildeten Tiere sind stark stilisiert.
- Le totem des Indiens ojibwés de l'Amérique est un être (généralement d'espèce animale, parfois végétale, rarement un objet) considéré dans les sociétés traditionnelles comme l'ancêtre éponyme d'un clan et auquel on rend un culte. Le totem peut-être aussi utilisé comme symbole d'appartenance a un groupe, souvent d'Amérindiens. Le totem servait aux indiens pour faire tomber la pluie. C'est une représentation sculptée ou peinte d'un animal, d'une plante souvent représenté avec des ailes, le totem était un symbole des croyances amérindienes. Image:Totem Park pole 1. jpg|À Totem Park, Victoria, Colombie-Britannique. Image:Totem pole (js) 2. jpg|À Saxman Totem Park, Ketchikan, Alaska Image:Totem pole (js) 1. jpg|À Saxman Totem Park, Ketchikan, Alaska
- トーテムポール（英語：totem pole）は、北アメリカの太平洋岸北西部に住むインディアン部族が集落の入り口などに立てる、柱状の木の彫刻である。
- Een totempaal is een houten standbeeld, zoals die door sommige indianenstammen werden gemaakt. Een totempaal kan gezien worden als heiligdom. De paal werd meestal gemaakt van het hout van de rode ceder, welke vaak in bonte kleuren geschilderd wordt.
- Totempåle är en träpåle med utsnidade figurer som förekommer hos indianer på västkusten i Nordamerika, hos Maorifolket på Nya Zeeland och hos Ainufolket i Japan/Ryssland. På pålen finns bland annat stammens totem avbildad.
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- Totem poles are monumental sculptures carved from large trees, usually cedar, but mostly Western Redcedar, by cultures of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. The word "totem" is derived from the Ojibwe word odoodem, "his kinship group" Being made of cedar, which decays eventually in the rainforest environment of the Northwest Coast, few examples of poles carved before 1800 exist.
- Ein Wappenpfahl, fälschlicherweise auch Totempfahl genannt, ist ein Pfahl, in den das Wappen einer Familie – und nicht deren Totem – eingeschnitzt ist. Sie waren vor allem bei den Indianern der amerikanischen Nordwestküste verbreitet. Der Wappenpfahl wurde meist aus dem Holz von Riesenlebensbäumen (Thuja plicata, Western Redcedar, in Nordwest-USA und Kanada verbreitet) gefertigt.
- Le totem des Indiens ojibwés de l'Amérique est un être (généralement d'espèce animale, parfois végétale, rarement un objet) considéré dans les sociétés traditionnelles comme l'ancêtre éponyme d'un clan et auquel on rend un culte. Le totem peut-être aussi utilisé comme symbole d'appartenance a un groupe, souvent d'Amérindiens. Le totem servait aux indiens pour faire tomber la pluie.
- トーテムポール（英語：totem pole）は、北アメリカの太平洋岸北西部に住むインディアン部族が集落の入り口などに立てる、柱状の木の彫刻である。
- Een totempaal is een houten standbeeld, zoals die door sommige indianenstammen werden gemaakt. Een totempaal kan gezien worden als heiligdom. De paal werd meestal gemaakt van het hout van de rode ceder, welke vaak in bonte kleuren geschilderd wordt.
- Totempåle är en träpåle med utsnidade figurer som förekommer hos indianer på västkusten i Nordamerika, hos Maorifolket på Nya Zeeland och hos Ainufolket i Japan/Ryssland. På pålen finns bland annat stammens totem avbildad.
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