Toryism is a traditionalist and conservative political philosophy which grew out of the Cavalier faction in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It is a prominent ideology in the politics of the United Kingdom, but also features in parts of The Commonwealth, particularly in Canada. Historically it also had exponents in former parts of the British Empire, for instance the Loyalists of British North America who sided with Britain and Crown during the Revolutionary War.
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- Toryism is a traditionalist and conservative political philosophy which grew out of the Cavalier faction in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It is a prominent ideology in the politics of the United Kingdom, but also features in parts of The Commonwealth, particularly in Canada. Historically it also had exponents in former parts of the British Empire, for instance the Loyalists of British North America who sided with Britain and Crown during the Revolutionary War. The Tory ethics can be summed up with the phrase 'God, King and Country'. Tories generally advocate monarchism, are usually of a High Church Anglican or Recusant Catholic religious heritage, and are opposed to the radical liberalism of the Whig faction. The Tory political faction emerged within the Parliament of England to uphold the legitimist rights of James, Duke of York to succeed his brother Charles II to the throne. James II was a Catholic, while the state institutions had broken from the Catholic Church—this was an issue for the Exclusion Bill supporting Whigs, the political heirs to the nonconformist Roundheads and Covenanters. There were two Tory ministries under James II; the first led by Lord Rochester, the second by Lord Belasyse. Some were later involved in his usurpation with the Whigs, which they saw as defending the Anglican Church. Tory sympathy for the Stuarts ran deep however and some supported Jacobitism, which saw them isolated by the Hanoverians until Lord Bute's ministry under George III. Conservatism emerged by the end of the 18th century—which synthesised moderate Whig positions and some of the old Tory values to create a new political ideology, in opposition to the French Revolution. The likes of Edmund Burke and William Pitt the Younger led the way in this. Due to this faction eventually leading to the formation of the Conservative Party, members of that party are colloquially referred to as Tories, even if they are not traditionalists. Actual adherents to traditional Toryism in contemporary times tend to be referred to as High Tories to avoid confusion.
- トーリー党、トーリー イギリスのトーリー党、現在の保守党の前身になる政党→トーリー党 (イギリス) カナダの保守党、保守党と進歩保守党を指して"Blue Tory" "Red Tory"のように用いる→保守党 (カナダ) アメリカ独立戦争でイギリスからの独立に反対した人たちを指してトーリーと言った。本項で解説。 アメリカ独立戦争に於いて「トーリー」の用語はイギリス政府に忠誠を誓う人々、王党派に対して用いられた。18世紀の初めに「トーリー」は議会右派の国王支持派に対して用いられた。革命の期間、特に1776年の独立宣言の後に「トーリー」はイギリス政府に忠誠心を持ち続ける者全てに用いられるようになった。カナダ、ノヴァスコシアあるいはバハマ諸島に入植した王党派の人々は大英帝国王党派として知られる。 「トーリー」はしばしば革命派によって中立派に対して軽蔑的に用いられた。したがって、トーリー党の市民軍はアメリカ独立戦争中イギリス側につくこととなった。
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- トーリー党、トーリー イギリスのトーリー党、現在の保守党の前身になる政党→トーリー党 (イギリス) カナダの保守党、保守党と進歩保守党を指して"Blue Tory" "Red Tory"のように用いる→保守党 (カナダ) アメリカ独立戦争でイギリスからの独立に反対した人たちを指してトーリーと言った。本項で解説。 アメリカ独立戦争に於いて「トーリー」の用語はイギリス政府に忠誠を誓う人々、王党派に対して用いられた。18世紀の初めに「トーリー」は議会右派の国王支持派に対して用いられた。革命の期間、特に1776年の独立宣言の後に「トーリー」はイギリス政府に忠誠心を持ち続ける者全てに用いられるようになった。カナダ、ノヴァスコシアあるいはバハマ諸島に入植した王党派の人々は大英帝国王党派として知られる。 「トーリー」はしばしば革命派によって中立派に対して軽蔑的に用いられた。したがって、トーリー党の市民軍はアメリカ独立戦争中イギリス側につくこととなった。
- Toryism is a traditionalist and conservative political philosophy which grew out of the Cavalier faction in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It is a prominent ideology in the politics of the United Kingdom, but also features in parts of The Commonwealth, particularly in Canada. Historically it also had exponents in former parts of the British Empire, for instance the Loyalists of British North America who sided with Britain and Crown during the Revolutionary War.
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