Tolomako is a language of the Oceanic subgroup of Austronesian languages. It is spoken on Santo island in Vanuatu. It distinguishes four numbers for its personal pronouns: singular, dual, trial, plural. Its verbs have no tense or aspect marking, but two moods, realis and irrealis. Substantives and numerals also have the same two moods. E.g.

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  • Tolomako is a language of the Oceanic subgroup of Austronesian languages. It is spoken on Santo island in Vanuatu. It distinguishes four numbers for its personal pronouns: singular, dual, trial, plural. Its verbs have no tense or aspect marking, but two moods, realis and irrealis. Substantives and numerals also have the same two moods. E.g. na tatsua mo tea mo tsoa realis person realis one realis not to be Someone is missing te tatsua i tea mo tsoa irrealis person irrealis one realis not to be There is nobody. Tolomako is characterized by having dentals where the mother language had labials before front vowels. It shares this feature with Sakao, but not with its very close dialect Tsureviu. Thus: Tolomako Tsureviu tei pei "water" nata mata "eye" When labials do occur preceding front vowels they seem to be reflexes of older labiovelars: Tolomako Tsureviu pei pei "good" mata mata "snake" Compare with Fijian ŋata "snake" (spelt gata). It has been speculated that Tolomako is a very simplified daughter-language or pidgin of the neighboring language Sakao. However, Tolomako is more likely a sister language of Sakao, not a pidgin. It cannot be phonologically derived from Sakao, whereas Sakao can be from Tolomako to some extent. Comparing Tolomako with its close dialect of Tsureviu allows to reconstruct an earlier state, from which most of Sakao can be regularly derived. This earlier state is very close to what can be reconstructed of Proto-Vanuatu. Thus Tolomako is a very conservative language, whereas Sakao has undergone drastic innovations in its phonology and grammar, both in the direction of increased complexity.
  • El idioma tolomako es una lengua hablada en la isla de Espíritu Santo en Vanuatu. Es hablado por menos de 500 personas. Pertenece al grupo de las lenguas austronesias.
  • Tolomako on austronesialainen kieli. Sitä puhutaan Vanuatussa sijaitsevalla Santon saarella. Kieli on uhanalainen ja sitä puhuu äidinkielenään enää ainoastaan noin 450 ihmistä. Tolomako kuuluu malaijilaispolynesialaisten kielten ryhmään.
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  • Austronesian
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  • Tolomako
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  • fewer than 500
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  • Tolomako is a language of the Oceanic subgroup of Austronesian languages. It is spoken on Santo island in Vanuatu. It distinguishes four numbers for its personal pronouns: singular, dual, trial, plural. Its verbs have no tense or aspect marking, but two moods, realis and irrealis. Substantives and numerals also have the same two moods. E.g.
  • El idioma tolomako es una lengua hablada en la isla de Espíritu Santo en Vanuatu. Es hablado por menos de 500 personas. Pertenece al grupo de las lenguas austronesias.
  • Tolomako on austronesialainen kieli. Sitä puhutaan Vanuatussa sijaitsevalla Santon saarella. Kieli on uhanalainen ja sitä puhuu äidinkielenään enää ainoastaan noin 450 ihmistä. Tolomako kuuluu malaijilaispolynesialaisten kielten ryhmään.
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  • Tolomako language
  • Idioma tolomako
  • Tolomako
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  • Tolomako
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