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- Die Drei Reinen (三清 sān qīng) stellen die höchste Triade des daoistischen Pantheons dar. Sie sind Verkörperungen des ursprünglichen Qì (元气 yuánqì), des Dào, sowie der kosmischen Gottheit. Das Yuánqì wird verkörpert durch den Yuánshǐ Tiānzūn (元始天尊), den Himmelsehrwürdigen des Uranfangs, das Dào durch Língbǎo Tiānzūn (灵宝天尊), den Himmelsehrwürdigen des übernatürlichen Schatzes und die kosmische Gottheit durch den vergöttlichten Lǎozǐ, Tàishàng Dàojūn (太上道君), den höchsten Ehrwürdigen des Dào, bzw. Dàodé Tiānzūn (道德天尊), den Himmelsehrwürdigen des Weges und der Tugend, auch Lǎojūn (老君), der ehrwürdige Alte, genannt. Die drei Reinen bezeichnen gleichfalls die drei Himmel, in denen diese Gottheiten residieren. Die drei Himmel sind Yùqīng (玉清), die Jadereinheit, dem Yuánshǐ Tiānzūn zugeordnet, Shàng qīng (上清), die höchste Reinheit, zugeordnet zum Língbǎo Tiānzūn und Tài qīng (太清), die große Reinheit mit dem Dàodé Tiānzūn. Während der Sòng-Dynastie wurde der Yuánshǐ Tiānzūn durch den Jadekaiser (玉帝 Yù Dì oder 玉皇 Yù Huáng) als höchster Gottheit abgelöst. Die Ikonographie der drei Reinen ist vielgestaltig und wurde oft insbesondere für liturgische Zwecke dargestellt. Die drei haben heitere Gesichter und thronen Seite an Seite umgeben von einer reichverzierten Aureole. Ihre Mäntel werden geschmückt von Wolken, Sternbildern, Perlen und Trigrammen. Sie tragen die Kopfbedeckung daoistischer Priester und vor jedem befindet sich der Kopf eines Ungeheuers. Der Yuánshǐ Tiānzūn sitzt in der Mitte, zuweilen mit den acht Trigrammen in seiner Hand, zu seiner Rechten sitzt Lǎozǐ, mit einem Fächer in der Hand und zu seiner Linken der Língbǎo Tiānzūn, der ein Zepter in Form eines magischen Pilzes hält. Heutzutage verehren die meisten daoistischen Gruppierungen die drei Reinen. Einige Gruppen verehren den vergöttlichten Laozi als höchste Gottheit, da sie annehmen, er sei das Dao selbst, habe bereits vor der Entstehung des Kosmos existiert und erscheine in unterschiedlichen Formen. In jedem daoistischen Tempel gibt es eine Halle der drei Reinen.
- Los Tres Puros es el nombre por el que se conoce en la mitología china a las tres principales deidades taoístas. Estos tres dioses son: EL Puro de Jade (玉清, Yù Qīng, Yu ch'ing), también conocido como Yuanshi Tianzun, "Venerable Celeste del Comienzo Original". El Puro Superior (上清, Shàng Qīng, Shang Cch'ing), también conocido Lingbao Tianzun (灵宝天尊, 靈寶天尊, Língbǎo Tiānzūn), "Venerable Celeste del Tesoro Sublime". El Gran Puro (太清, Tài Qīng, T'ai Ch'ing), también conocido como Daode Tianzun (道德天尊, Dàodé Tiānzūn), "Venerable Celeste del Tao y su virtud", y Taishang Laojun (太上老君, Tàishàng Lǎojūn), "Supremo Señor Lao", ya que es el título honorífico de Laozi divinizado.
- 三清(さんせい)は、道教の最高神格のこと。「太元」を神格化した最高神元始天尊と、「道」を神格化した霊宝天尊(太上道君)、老子を神格化した道徳天尊(太上老君)の三柱。 それぞれ道教における天上界の最高天「玉清境」「上清境」「太清境」に住し、この三天のことも「三清」と呼ぶ。道観(道教寺院)にはしばしば「三清殿」と称する三清を祀る建物がある。
- San Qing zijn de drie goden in het taoïsme die qua rang het hoogst zijn. "San" betekent "drie" en "Qing" betekent "schoon", "puur" en "rein". De drie goden zijn: Yuqing Shangqing Taiqing
- The Three Pure Ones also translated as the Three Pure Pellucid Ones, the Three Pristine Ones, the Three Divine Teachers, the Three Clarities, or the Three Purities is the Taoist Trinity, the three highest Gods in the Taoist pantheon. They are regarded as pure manifestation of the Tao, and are regarded as the originator of all sentient beings in existence. From the Taoist classic Tao Te Ching, it was held that "The Tao produced One; One produced Two; Two produced Three; Three produced All things". It is generally agreed that: Tao produced One - Tao produced Tai Chi; One produced Two - Taiji produced Yin and Yang. However, the subject of how Two produced Three has remained a popular debate among Taoist Scholars. Most scholars believe that it refers to the Interaction between Yin and Yang, with the presence of Chi, or life force In religious Taoism, it is therefore held that the interaction between Yin and Yang manifests Three Pure Ones, of which created all Life as we know. As the Three Pure Ones are manifestation of Primordial Celestial Energy, they are formless. But to illustrate their role in Creation, they are often portrayed as elderly deities robed in the three basic colours from which all colours originated: Red, Blue and Green (sometimes Yellow), and holding onto a divine object associated with their task. For example, the Fan held by Daode Tianzun a symbol of Completion of the Creation. They are sometimes compared to the Christian concept of a triune God due to the roles played by each of them (the Creator, the Guardian, and the Teacher). The "Three Pure ones" are: The Jade Purity: The Yuanshi Tianzun, is also known as "The Universally Honoured One of Origin", or "The Universal Lord of the Primordial Beginning" (元始天尊, Yuanshi Tianzun). The Supreme Pure One:, is also known as "The Universally Honoured One of Divinities and Treasures", or "The Universal Lord of the Numinous Treasure" (靈寶天尊, Lingbao Tianzun). "In terms of worldview, the emergence of the Shàngqīng revelations signifies a major expansion of Taoism. Where the celestial masters had added the pure gods of the Tao to the popular pantheon, Shàngqīng enlarged this to include an entirely new layer of existence between the original, creative force of the Tao, represented by the deity "yuan shi tian wang" (heavenly king of primordial beginning), and created world as we know it. This celestial layer consisted of several different regions, located both in the far reaches of the world and in the stars, and imagined along the lines of the ancient paradises Penglai and Kunlun. It was populated by various divine figures: pure gods of the Tao who were emanations of original cosmic qi; immortals who had attained celestial status through effort and the proper elixir... " (Kohn, 89) The Supreme Pure One is associated with yin and yang and was responsible as the custodian of the sacred book. Shangqing also calculates time and divides it into different epochs. The Grand Pure One:, also known as "The Universally Honoured One of Tao and Virtues" or "The Universal Lord of the Way and its Virtue" (道德天尊, Daode Tianzun) or the "Grand Supreme Elder Lord" (太上老君, Taishang Laojun). It is believed that Taishang Laojun manifested himself in the form of Laozi. The Grand Pure One is also the treasurer of spirits, known as the Lord of Man who is the founder of Taoism. He is the most eminent, aged ruler, which is why he is the only Pure One depicted with a pure white beard. "There seem to have been a number of stages in the process of Laozi's eventual deification. First, the legendary figure began as a teacher and writer whose image eventually blended with that of the Yellow Emperor when Laozi came to be identified as a confidant of royalty. Traditional accounts, such as the life-story summarized earlier, transformed him into a cultural hero whose mother conceived him virginally. By the mid-second century C.E. , Laozi had become the deity who delivered to Zhang Daoling the revelation of a new religious faith, giving rise to the Celestial Master's school. His image was still not complete. Next, perhaps, also around the second or third century CE, Laozi seems to have been identified as a creator god who also enters the world to rescue humanity from tribulation. Laozi was now capable of incarnating himself, almost like Buddhist bodhisattva. Not long thereafter he joined the triad of the Three Pure Ones, and finally Laozi emerged as the chief divine person. We have here one of the more interesting examples of apotheosis, or deification, in the history of religion. "(Renard, 28) According to Daozang, The Universally Honoured One of Tao and Virtues had manifested many various incarnations to teach living beings, and Laozi is one of his incarnations. Each of the Three Pure Ones represents both a deity and a heaven. The first heaven is Yu-Qing, and it is found in the Jade Mountain, The entrance to this heaven is named the Golden Door. "He is the source of all truth, as the sun is the source of all light". The Grand Pure One (Lao-Jun) rules over the heaven of Tai-Qing. The Supreme Pure One (Ling-Bao Tian-Song) rules over the heaven of Shang-Qing. The Three Pure Ones are often depicted as throned elders. Schools of Taoist thought developed around each of these deities. Taoist Alchemy was a large part of these schools, as each of the Three Pure Ones represented one of the three cinnabar fields of the body: jing, qi and shen. The congregation of all three Pure Ones resulted in the return to Tao. The first pure one is universal or heavenly chi. The second pure one is human plane chi and third pure one is earth chi. Heavenly chi includes the chi or energy of all the planets, stars and constellations as well as the energy of god (the force of creation and universal love). Human plane chi is the energy that exists on the surface of our planet and sustains human life and the earth force includes all of the forces inside the planet as well as the five elemental forces. " By the time of the Song Dynasty(~960-1127), the Three Pure Ones had come to represent the three divine natures of all living beings: past, present and future.
- 三清,即玉清、上清、太清,乃道教諸天界中最高者,玉清之主為元始天尊,上清之主是灵宝天尊,太清之主乃太上老君。這三清尊神乃是道教中,世界創造之初的大神,故號稱三清道祖。
- Les Trois Purs ou Sanqing 三 清 sont trois dieux représentant, dans les principales écoles taoïstes, les trois principes suprêmes. Leur nom et les détails de leur identité peuvent varier selon les écoles. Ils sont au sommet du panthéon et occupent les trois ciels les plus élevés. Selon les conceptions taoïstes, tout est souffle, et les souffles les plus purs s’élèvent le plus haut. Les multiples ciels étagés sont un concept apporté par le bouddhisme, inconnu du taoïsme avant les Dynasties du Nord et du Sud. Leur nombre a varié (3, 9, 32, 36, 81, selon les écoles) pour se fixer à trente-six sous les Tang. Version la plus commune du trio : Vénérable céleste de l’Origine ou Pur de jade Il s'agit du géant Pangu identifié à l’essence de l’univers indifférencié. Après avoir ordonné le chaos originel, il s’unit par la lumière à la Sainte Femme et donne naissance à un avatar de lui-même, le Pur supérieur. Il habite dans le plus haut ciel, le 36Modèle:E. A intervalles réguliers les cieux s’écartent et il prodigue son enseignement aux grands dieux venus lui rendre hommage. Dans les temples il est au centre de la triade, et tient en main la perle qui symbolise le chaos originel. Son anniversaire est fêté le premier jour du premier mois lunaire. Vénérable céleste du Joyau mystique ou Pur supérieur Avatar du Vénérable de l’Origine, il est doué du don d'ubiquité et apparait simultanément sous différentes formes afin d’aider et de guider ceux qui le sollicitent. Il habite le 35Modèle:E ciel. Dans les temples, il est à gauche, tenant en main un ruyi, sceptre de jade porte-bonheur utilisé par les courtisans. Son anniversaire a lieu le 15 du 5Modèle:E mois. Vénérable céleste du Dao et de la Vertu ou Pur du faîte suprême Il s’agit de Lao Zi, dont le titre divin est Taishang laojun ou Xuanyuan huangdi, particulièrement vénéré par les empereurs Tang qui portaient le même nom de famille que lui, Li . Incarnation du Tao, il est chef de lignée des immortels et maître spirituel de nombreux personnages légendaires et mythologiques à travers ses avatars successifs, dont le Laozi historique. Il habite le 34Modèle:E ciel. Dans les temples il est à droite et tient un éventail de plumes. Ses cheveux sont blancs, comme le décrit sa légende. Son anniversaire, particulièrement important pour les écoles taoistes qui le considèrent comme leur patriarche, a lieu le 15 du 2Modèle:E mois.
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- 三清(さんせい)は、道教の最高神格のこと。「太元」を神格化した最高神元始天尊と、「道」を神格化した霊宝天尊(太上道君)、老子を神格化した道徳天尊(太上老君)の三柱。 それぞれ道教における天上界の最高天「玉清境」「上清境」「太清境」に住し、この三天のことも「三清」と呼ぶ。道観(道教寺院)にはしばしば「三清殿」と称する三清を祀る建物がある。
- San Qing zijn de drie goden in het taoïsme die qua rang het hoogst zijn. "San" betekent "drie" en "Qing" betekent "schoon", "puur" en "rein". De drie goden zijn: Yuqing Shangqing Taiqing
- 三清,即玉清、上清、太清,乃道教諸天界中最高者,玉清之主為元始天尊,上清之主是灵宝天尊,太清之主乃太上老君。這三清尊神乃是道教中,世界創造之初的大神,故號稱三清道祖。
- Die Drei Reinen (三清 sān qīng) stellen die höchste Triade des daoistischen Pantheons dar. Sie sind Verkörperungen des ursprünglichen Qì (元气 yuánqì), des Dào, sowie der kosmischen Gottheit. Das Yuánqì wird verkörpert durch den Yuánshǐ Tiānzūn (元始天尊), den Himmelsehrwürdigen des Uranfangs, das Dào durch Língbǎo Tiānzūn (灵宝天尊), den Himmelsehrwürdigen des übernatürlichen Schatzes und die kosmische Gottheit durch den vergöttlichten Lǎozǐ, Tàishàng Dàojūn (太上道君), den höchsten Ehrwürdigen des Dào, bzw.
- Los Tres Puros es el nombre por el que se conoce en la mitología china a las tres principales deidades taoístas. Estos tres dioses son: EL Puro de Jade (玉清, Yù Qīng, Yu ch'ing), también conocido como Yuanshi Tianzun, "Venerable Celeste del Comienzo Original". El Puro Superior (上清, Shàng Qīng, Shang Cch'ing), también conocido Lingbao Tianzun (灵宝天尊, 靈寶天尊, Língbǎo Tiānzūn), "Venerable Celeste del Tesoro Sublime".
- The Three Pure Ones also translated as the Three Pure Pellucid Ones, the Three Pristine Ones, the Three Divine Teachers, the Three Clarities, or the Three Purities is the Taoist Trinity, the three highest Gods in the Taoist pantheon. They are regarded as pure manifestation of the Tao, and are regarded as the originator of all sentient beings in existence.
- Les Trois Purs ou Sanqing 三 清 sont trois dieux représentant, dans les principales écoles taoïstes, les trois principes suprêmes. Leur nom et les détails de leur identité peuvent varier selon les écoles. Ils sont au sommet du panthéon et occupent les trois ciels les plus élevés. Selon les conceptions taoïstes, tout est souffle, et les souffles les plus purs s’élèvent le plus haut.
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