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- Thermoforming is a manufacturing process where a plastic sheet is heated to a pliable forming temperature, formed to a specific shape in a mold, and trimmed to create a usable product. The sheet, or "film" when referring to thinner gauges and certain material types, is heated in an oven to a high-enough temperature that it can be stretched into or onto a mold and cooled to a finished shape. In its simplest form, a small tabletop or lab size machine can be used to heat small cut sections of plastic sheet and stretch it over a mold using vacuum. This method is often used for sample and protoype parts. In complex and high-volume applications, very large production machines are utilized to heat and form the plastic sheet and trim the formed parts from the sheet in a continuous high-speed process, and can produce many thousands of finished parts per hour depending on the machine and mold size and the size of the parts being formed. Thermoforming differs from injection molding, blow molding, rotational molding, and other forms of processing plastics. Thin-gauge thermoforming is primarily the manufacture of disposable cups, containers, lids, trays, blisters, clamshells, and other products for the food, medical, and general retail industries. Thick-gauge thermoforming includes parts as diverse as vehicle door and dash panels, refrigerator liners, utility vehicle beds, and plastic pallets. In the most common method of high-volume, continuous thermoforming of thin-gauge products, plastic sheet is fed from a roll or from an extruder into a set of indexing chains that incorporate pins, or spikes, that pierce the sheet and transport it through an oven for heating to forming temperature. The heated sheet then indexes into a form station where a mating mold and pressure-box close on the sheet, with vacuum then applied to remove trapped air and to pull the material into or onto the mold along with pressurized air to form the plastic to the detailed shape of the mold. (Plug-assists are typically used in addition to vacuum in the case of taller, deeper-draw formed parts in order to provide the needed material distribution and thicknesses in the finished parts. ) After a short form cycle, a burst of reverse air pressure is actuated from the vacuum side of the mold as the form tooling opens, commonly referred to as air-eject, to break the vacuum and assist the formed parts off of, or out of, the mold. A stripper plate may also be utilized on the mold as it opens for ejection of more detailed parts or those with negative-draft, undercut areas. The sheet containing the formed parts then indexes into a trim station on the same machine, where a die cuts the parts from the remaining sheet web, or indexes into a separate trim press where the formed parts are trimmed. The sheet web remaining after the formed parts are trimmed is typically wound onto a take-up reel or fed into an inline granulator for recycling. Most thermoforming companies recycle their scrap and waste plastic, either by compressing in a baling machine or by feeding into a granulator (grinder) and producing ground flake, for sale to reprocessing companies or re-use in their own facility. Frequently, scrap and waste plastic from the thermoforming process is converted back into extruded sheet for forming again.
- Das Thermoformen ist ein Verfahren zur Umformung von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen. Früher wurde es auch mit den Begriffen Warmformen, Tiefziehen oder Vakuumtiefziehen bezeichnet. Man unterscheidet die Thermoformverfahren nach dem Halbzeug: Dünnere Halbzeuge werden Folien genannt, dickere (ab ca. 1,5 mm) Platten. Folien-Halbzeuge können auf großen (bis Ø 1,8 m) Rollen den Thermoformautomaten zugeführt werden. Daneben sind die Thermoformen die Werkzeuge für das Thermoformen.
- Le thermoformage est une technique qui consiste à prendre un matériau sous forme de plaque, à le chauffer pour le ramollir, et à profiter de cette ductilité pour le mettre en forme avec un moule. Le matériau redurcit lorsqu'il refroidit, gardant cette forme. Dans le cas du thermoformage plastique, le matériau utilisé se présente le plus souvent sous forme de bobine, dès que l'épaisseur avant thermoformage se situe sous 2 millimètres. Dans le cas du verre, cela consiste à poser à froid une ou des feuilles de verre, éventuellement coloré, sur une forme réfractaire dont elles épouseront le relief à la cuisson.
- La termoformatura è una tecnica di stampaggio materie plastiche a caldo, a partire da lastre o film, sotto pressione o sotto vuoto. È una valida alternativa alla tecnica ad iniezione soprattutto se: il numero di pezzi da produrre è relativamente basso; è necessaria la massima flessibilità produttiva (lotti di pezzi finiti diversi); lo spessore delle pareti dei pezzi deve essere molto sottile; la precisione dimensionale richiesta è superiore al millimetro; l'oggetto presenta zone in sottosquadra non eliminabili.
- Thermovormen of ook wel vacuümvormen genoemd is net als smeden een niet verspanende vormgevingstechniek. Het materiaal wordt eerst verwarmd waarna het plastisch vervormd wordt. Thermovormen is een proces om van vlakke platen gevormde producten te maken. Alle materialen die bij verwarming plastisch worden kunnen in het thermovormproces toegepast worden. Worden de materialen koud vervormd, als voorbeeld met een pers, dan spreekt men van (koud)vormen.
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| rdfs:comment
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- Thermoforming is a manufacturing process where a plastic sheet is heated to a pliable forming temperature, formed to a specific shape in a mold, and trimmed to create a usable product. The sheet, or "film" when referring to thinner gauges and certain material types, is heated in an oven to a high-enough temperature that it can be stretched into or onto a mold and cooled to a finished shape.
- Das Thermoformen ist ein Verfahren zur Umformung von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen. Früher wurde es auch mit den Begriffen Warmformen, Tiefziehen oder Vakuumtiefziehen bezeichnet. Man unterscheidet die Thermoformverfahren nach dem Halbzeug: Dünnere Halbzeuge werden Folien genannt, dickere (ab ca. 1,5 mm) Platten. Folien-Halbzeuge können auf großen (bis Ø 1,8 m) Rollen den Thermoformautomaten zugeführt werden. Daneben sind die Thermoformen die Werkzeuge für das Thermoformen.
- Le thermoformage est une technique qui consiste à prendre un matériau sous forme de plaque, à le chauffer pour le ramollir, et à profiter de cette ductilité pour le mettre en forme avec un moule. Le matériau redurcit lorsqu'il refroidit, gardant cette forme. Dans le cas du thermoformage plastique, le matériau utilisé se présente le plus souvent sous forme de bobine, dès que l'épaisseur avant thermoformage se situe sous 2 millimètres.
- La termoformatura è una tecnica di stampaggio materie plastiche a caldo, a partire da lastre o film, sotto pressione o sotto vuoto.
- Thermovormen of ook wel vacuümvormen genoemd is net als smeden een niet verspanende vormgevingstechniek. Het materiaal wordt eerst verwarmd waarna het plastisch vervormd wordt. Thermovormen is een proces om van vlakke platen gevormde producten te maken. Alle materialen die bij verwarming plastisch worden kunnen in het thermovormproces toegepast worden. Worden de materialen koud vervormd, als voorbeeld met een pers, dan spreekt men van (koud)vormen.
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