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- Uskontoteoriat voidaan jakaa uskonnon olemuksen (mitä uskonnot ovat) ja funktionaalisuuden (mikä on uskontojen tehtävä) teorioihin sekä reduktiivisiin (onko uskonto itse asiassa esim. psykologinen tarve) teorioihin. Osa antropologeista, kuten Clifford Geertz, ovat päätynyt primitiivisten kulttuurien etnografisista tutkimuksista tulokseen, että yleisteoriaa uskonnoista ei ole mahdollista luoda. Vaikutusvaltaisia olemuksen teorioita ovat esittäneet Edward Burnett Tylor ja James George Frazer, Rudolf Otto (uskonnollinen kokemus) ja Mircea Eliade (uskontojen transsendenssinen täydellisyys, tarkoituksellisuus ja mytologiset piirteet). Kuuluisia funktionaalisia teorioita ovat esittäneet Karl Marx (taloudellinen näkökulma), Sigmund Freud (näkemys uskonnoista neurooseina) ja Émile Durkheim (uskontojen sosiaalinen tehtävä). Myös Max Weber tutki uskonnon sosiologiaa.
- Theories of religion can be divided into substantive theories (focusing on what religion is) and functional or reductionist theories (focusing on what it does). Influential substantive theories have been proposed by Tylor and Frazer (focusing on the explanatory value of religion for its adherents), by the theologian Rudolf Otto (focusing on the importance of religious experience, more specifically experiences that are both fascinating and terrifying), Mircea Eliade (focusing on the longing for otherworldly perfection, the quest for meaning, and the search for patterns in mythology in various religions). Influential functional theories have been proposed by Karl Marx (focusing on the economic background), Sigmund Freud (focusing on neurosis as a psychological origin of religious beliefs), and Émile Durkheim (focusing on the social function of religions). Max Weber did not so much propose a general theory of religion as he focused on the interaction between society and religion. He also introduced a number of key concepts to the sociology of religion. In contrast to earlier theorists, the anthropologists E. E. Evans-Pritchard and Clifford Geertz performed detailed ethnographical studies of "primitive" cultures, and came to the conclusion that earlier theories had been one-sided at best. Geertz denied that it would ever be possible to propose a general theory of religion. The rational choice theory has been applied to religions, among others by the sociologists Rodney Stark and William Sims Bainbridge. They asserted that religion is able to function as a compensator for unobtained rewards.
- Teoria religii – przyjęcie teoretycznej perspektywy poznawczej zmusza badacza do posługiwania się dualizującym (podmiotowo – przedmiotowym) językiem refleksji filozoficznej i naukowej.
- Teorias da religião pode ser dividido em teorias substantivas (incidindo sobre o que é religião) e funcionais ou teorias reducionista (incidindo sobre o que faz). Teorias substantivas influentes têm sido propostas por Tylor e Frazer (incidindo sobre o valor explicativo da religião para os seus seguidores), pelo teólogo Rudolf Otto (incidindo sobre a importância da experiência religiosa, mais especificamente as experiências que são simultaneamente fascinantes e aterradoras), Mircea Eliade (centrando-se na ânsia de perfeição sobrenatural, na busca de sentido, e na busca de padrões em mitologia em várias religiões). Predefinição:Em tradução
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